[Nonviolenza] Una lettera aperta al Ministro degli Esteri italiano per sollecitare un impegno per la liberazione di Leonard Peltier

[Centro di ricerca per la pace Centro di ricerca per la pace <centropacevt at gmail.com>]

UNA LETTERA APERTA AL MINISTRO DEGLI ESTERI ITALIANO PER SOLLECITARE UN IMPEGNO PER LA LIBERAZIONE DI LEONARD PELTIER

Egregio Ministro degli Esteri,
lei, che e' stato Presidente del Parlamento Europeo, certo ricordera' il suo compianto collega e successore, l'on. David Sassoli.
E ricordera' anche l'impegno di David Sassoli per la liberazione di Leonard Peltier, l'illustre attivista nativo americano difensore dei diritti umani di tutti gli esseri umani e dell'intero mondo vivente, da 47 anni detenuto innocente.
Cosi' come ricordera' che gia' negli anni '90 ripetutamente il Parlamento Europeo aveva sollecitato la liberazione di Leonard Peltier.
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Da Presidente del Parlamento Europeo David Sassoli il 23 agosto 2021 espresse pubblicamente - con una conferenza stampa, un video e un tweet - la richiesta al Presidente degli Stati Uniti d'America di concedere la grazia a Leonard Peltier.
Nel suo tweet del 23 agosto 2021 il Presidente Sassoli scrisse, in italiano e in inglese:
"Inviero' una lettera alle autorita' statunitensi chiedendo clemenza per Leonard Peltier, attivista per i diritti umani dell'American Indian Movement, in carcere da 45 anni.
Spero che le autorita' accolgano il mio invito. I diritti umani vanno difesi sempre, ovunque".
"I will send a letter to the US authorities asking for clemency for Leonard Peltier. A human rights activist of the American Indian Movement, he has been imprisoned for 45 years.
I hope the authorities will take up my invitation. Human rights must be defended always, everywhere".
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Analogamente gia' negli anni Novanta del secolo scorso il Parlamento Europeo aveva approvato risoluzioni a tal fine.
Cosi' recitava il testo della risoluzione del Parlamento Europeo dell'11 febbraio 1999 (pubblicata sulla Gazzetta ufficiale n. C 150 del 28/05/1999 pag. 0384, B4-0169, 0175, 0179 e 0199/99):
"Risoluzione sul caso di Leonard Peltier
Il Parlamento europeo,
- vista la sua risoluzione del 15 dicembre 1994 sulla grazia per Leonard Peltier (GU C 18 del 23.1.1995, pag. 183),
A. considerando il ruolo svolto da Leonard Peltier nella difesa dei diritti dei popoli indigeni,
B. considerando che Leonard Peltier e' stato condannato nel 1977 a due ergastoli dopo essere stato estradato dal Canada, benche' non vi fosse alcuna prova della sua colpevolezza,
C. considerando che Amnesty International ha ripetutamente espresso le proprie preoccupazioni circa l'equita' del processo che ha condotto alla condanna di Leonard Peltier,
D. considerando che il governo degli Stati Uniti ha ormai ammesso che gli affidavit utilizzati per arrestare e estradare Leonard Peltier dal Canada erano falsi e che il Pubblico ministero statunitense Lynn Crooks ha affermato che il governo degli Stati Uniti non aveva alcuna prova di chi aveva ucciso gli agenti,
E. considerando che dopo 23 anni trascorsi nei penitenziari federali, le condizioni di salute di Leonard Peltier si sono seriamente aggravate e che secondo il giudizio di specialisti la sua vita potrebbe essere in pericolo se non ricevera' adeguate cure mediche,
F. considerando che le autorita' penitenziarie continuano a negargli adeguate cure mediche in violazione del diritto umanitario internazionale e i suoi diritti costituzionali,
G. rilevando che Leonard Peltier ha esaurito tutte le possibilita' di appello concessegli dal diritto statunitense,
1. insiste ancora una volta affinche' venga concessa a Leonard Peltier la grazia presidenziale;
2. insiste affinche' Leonard Peltier sia trasferito in una clinica dove possa ricevere le cure mediche del caso;
3. ribadisce la sua richiesta di un'indagine sulle irregolarita' giudiziarie che hanno portato alla reclusione di Leonard Peltier;
4. incarica la sua delegazione per le relazioni con gli Stati Uniti di sollevare il caso di Leonard Peltier iscrivendolo all'ordine del giorno del prossimo incontro con i parlamentari americani;
5. incarica il suo Presidente di trasmettere la presente risoluzione al Consiglio, alla Commissione, al Congresso statunitense e al Presidente degli Stati Uniti d'America".
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Egregio Ministro degli Esteri,
lei ricordera' anche che nel corso di quasi mezzo secolo la liberazione di Leonard Peltier e' stata richiesta da personalita' come Nelson Mandela, madre Teresa di Calcutta, Desmond Tutu, Rigoberta Menchu', Shirin Ebadi, papa Francesco, il Dalai Lama ed innumerevoli altre.
E ricordera' anche che lo scorso anno due nuovi autorevoli inviti, tra molti altri, sono stati rivolti al Presidente degli Stati Uniti d'America affinche' conceda la grazia che liberi l'illustre attivista nativo americano: dapprima la Commissione giuridica ad hoc dell'Onu, e successivamente con voto unanime il comitato nazionale del Partito Democratico statunitense (il partito di cui il Presidente Biden fa parte).
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Di seguito un estratto dal documento dell'Onu del 2022 che chiede la liberazione di Leonard Peltier:
Human Rights Council
Working Group on Arbitrary Detention
Opinions adopted by the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention at its ninety-third session, 30 March–8 April 2022
Opinion No. 7/2022 concerning Leonard Peltier (United States of America)
1. The Working Group on Arbitrary Detention was established in resolution 1991/42 of the Commission on Human Rights. In its resolution 1997/50, the Commission extended and clarified the mandate of the Working Group. Pursuant to General Assembly resolution 60/251 and Human Rights Council decision 1/102, the Council assumed the mandate of the Commission. The Council most recently extended the mandate of the Working Group for a three-year period in its resolution 42/22.
2. In accordance with its methods of work (1), on 10 December 2021 the Working Group transmitted to the Government of the United States of America a communication concerning Leonard Peltier. The Government replied to the communication on 11 February 2022. The State is a party to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.
3. The Working Group regards deprivation of liberty as arbitrary in the following cases:
(a) When it is clearly impossible to invoke any legal basis justifying the deprivation of liberty (as when a person is kept in detention after the completion of his or her sentence or despite an amnesty law applicable to him or her) (category I);
(b) When the deprivation of liberty results from the exercise of the rights or freedoms guaranteed by articles 7, 13, 14, 18, 19, 20 and 21 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and, insofar as States parties are concerned, by articles 12, 18, 19, 21, 22, 25, 26 and 27 of the Covenant (category II);
(c) When the total or partial non-observance of the international norms relating to the right to a fair trial, established in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and in the relevant international instruments accepted by the States concerned, is of such gravity as to give the deprivation of liberty an arbitrary character (category III);
(d) When asylum seekers, immigrants or refugees are subjected to prolonged administrative custody without the possibility of administrative or judicial review or remedy (category IV);
(e) When the deprivation of liberty constitutes a violation of international law on the grounds of discrimination based on birth, national, ethnic or social origin, language, religion, economic condition, political or other opinion, gender, sexual orientation, disability, or any other status, that aims towards or can result in ignoring the equality of human beings (category V).
(...)
Disposition
101. In the light of the foregoing, the Working Group renders the following opinion:
The deprivation of liberty of Leonard Peltier, being in contravention of articles 2, 7 and 9 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and articles 2 (1), 9 and 26 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, is arbitrary and falls within categories III and V.
102. The Working Group requests the Government of the United States to take the steps necessary to remedy the situation of Mr. Peltier without delay and bring it into conformity with the relevant international norms, including those set out in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.
103. The Working Group considers that, taking into account all the circumstances of the case, including the risk to Mr. Peltier's health, the appropriate remedy would be to release Mr. Peltier immediately and accord him an enforceable right to compensation and other reparations, in accordance with international law (48). In the current context of the COVID-19 pandemic and the threat that it poses in places of detention, the Working Group calls upon the Government to take urgent action to ensure the immediate release of Mr. Peltier.
104. The Working Group urges the Government to ensure a full and independent investigation of the circumstances surrounding the arbitrary detention of Mr. Peltier and to take appropriate measures against those responsible for the violation of his rights.
105. In accordance with paragraph 33 (a) of its methods of work, the Working Group refers the present case to the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, the Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health, the Independent Expert on the enjoyment of all human rights by older persons, and the Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples, for appropriate action.
106. The Working Group requests the Government to disseminate the present opinion through all available means and as widely as possible.
Follow-up procedure
107. In accordance with paragraph 20 of its methods of work, the Working Group requests the source and the Government to provide it with information on action taken in follow-up to the recommendations made in the present opinion, including:
(a) Whether Mr. Peltier been released and, if so, on what date;
(b) Whether compensation or other reparations have been made to Mr. Peltier;
(c) Whether an investigation has been conducted into the violation of Mr. Peltier's rights and, if so, the outcome of the investigation;
(d) Whether any legislative amendments or changes in practice have been made to harmonize the laws and practices of the United States with its international obligations in line with the present opinion;
(e) Whether any other action has been taken to implement the present opinion.
108. The Government is invited to inform the Working Group of any difficulties it may have encountered in implementing the recommendations made in the present opinion and whether further technical assistance is required, for example through a visit by the Working Group.
109. The Working Group requests the source and the Government to provide the abovementioned information within six months of the date of transmission of the present opinion. However, the Working Group reserves the right to take its own action in follow-up to the opinion if new concerns in relation to the case are brought to its attention. Such action would enable the Working Group to inform the Human Rights Council of progress made in implementing its recommendations, as well as any failure to take action.
110. The Working Group recalls that the Human Rights Council has encouraged all States to cooperate with the Working Group and has requested them to take account of its views and, where necessary, to take appropriate steps to remedy the situation of persons arbitrarily deprived of their liberty, and to inform the Working Group of the steps they have taken (49).
[Adopted on 30 March 2022]
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Di seguito il testo integrale della risoluzione approvata all'unanimita' dal Comitato Nazionale del Partito Democratico degli Stati Uniti d'America l'8 settembre 2022:
The following Resolution will be considered by the Resolutions Committee at its meeting on September 8, 2022.
Submitted by:
Ruth Buffalo/ND
Patrick Hart/Chair/ND
Kari Breker/Vice Chair/ND
Adam Goldwyn/ND
Clara Pratte/AZ
Resolution to Consider an Award of Executive Clemency for Leonard Peltier
WHEREAS, Democrats have sought to use clemency powers to secure the release of those serving unduly long or unjust prison sentences; and
WHEREAS, the Obama administration commuted the sentences of more than 1,700 people serving unjust sentences after a thorough review of their individual cases and the Biden administration has so far used clemency powers for more than 75 individuals serving unjust sentences as part of a broader strategy to make the criminal justice system more fair; and
WHEREAS, the Biden administration, under the direction of Secretary Deb Haaland, is leading a historic investigation into the lasting social impacts - such as, historical and intergenerational trauma - of the federal Indian boarding school system that separated Mr. Peltier from his family at a young age; and
WHEREAS, Mr. Peltier is 77 years old, and has served more than 45 years in federal prison - at least five years solitary confinement - in numerous prisons across the United States; and
WHEREAS, Leonard Peltier is Native American, elderly and suffers from severe health conditions, including diabetes and a lethal abdominal aortic aneurysm; life ending if ruptured; and
WHEREAS, The Department of Justice (DOJ) has issued a national response to the COVID-19 pandemic authorizing the Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) to release elderly inmates and those with underlying health conditions from federal prisons; Mr. Peltier is imprisoned at the Coleman Federal Correctional Complex in Florida and qualifies for early release under BOP guidelines; and
WHEREAS, Mr. Peltier was convicted and sentenced to two consecutive life sentences in 1977 for the murders of Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agents Ronald Williams and Jack Coler, killed on June 26, 1975, during a confrontation with members of the American Indian Movement (AIM) on the Pine Ridge Indian reservation; Joseph Stuntz, a 23-year-old member of the Coeur d'Alene Tribe, was also killed that day, and his death was never investigated; and
WHEREAS, Mr. Peltier was extradited from Canada based on false statements of an alleged eye witness who later retracted her testimony; and
WHEREAS, many evidentiary and procedural irregularities arose during Mr. Peltier's prosecution, such as alleged key eyewitness to the shootings later retracting testimony disclosing threats against the eyewitness and family by the FBI; and
WHEREAS, a 1980 Freedom of Information Act ruling revealed to Mr. Peltier's lawyers the prosecution withheld evidence that might have impacted Mr. Peltier's case; and
WHEREAS, although legal experts have criticized the trial for its failed due process, appeals for presidential consideration of clemency by distinguished Americans and justice organizations have had no success; and
WHEREAS, this further diminishes American Indians' faith in the criminal justice system throughout the country; and
WHEREAS, hundreds of tribal nations have supported early release and clemency Mr. Peltier's throughout the years, and the Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa, of which Mr. Peltier is a member, has offered housing, elderly support, and reintegration services upon Mr. Peltier's release; and
WHEREAS, petitions for Mr. Peltier's release are widespread and urgent, including those who once were part of the 1977 criminal prosecution and former U.S. Attorney James H. Reynolds, having garnered over 275,000 signatures on a petition requesting President Biden grant Mr. Peltier clemency; and
WHEREAS, Amnesty International, a global human rights organization with over 10 million members, supporters, and activists worldwide, continues the call for Mr. Peltier's release to this day; and
WHEREAS, Mr. Peltier has overwhelming support from internationally respected champions of human rights, including the late Nelson Mandela, His Holiness the Dalai Lama, Mikhail Gorbachev, Mary Robinson, former President of Ireland and United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, the European Parliament, the Belgian Parliament, the Italian Parliament, the Kennedy Memorial Center for Human Rights, the Rev. Jesse Jackson, Rigoberta Menchu, seven Nobel Peace Prize Laureates (including Archbishop Desmond Tutu and Shirin Ebadi), Rage Against the Machine, Pete Seeger, Carlos Santana, Harry Belafonte, Gloria Steinem, and Robert Redford, representing but a fraction of those who recognize the injustice imposed upon Mr. Peltier; and
WHEREAS, the National Caucus of Native American State Legislators, tribal nation leaders, and the National Congress of American Indians, within our representative states and beyond, have demanded Mr. Peltier's clemency and release;
THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, that the DNC platform states that the President should use clemency powers "to secure the release of those serving unduly long sentences;" and
BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that given the overwhelming support for clemency, the constitutional due process issues underlying Mr. Peltier's prosecution, his status as an elderly inmate, and that he is an American Indian, who suffer from greater rates of health disparities and severe underlying health conditions, Mr. Peltier is a good candidate to be granted mercy and leniency; and
BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that it is highly appropriate that consideration of clemency for Mr. Peltier be prioritized and expedited, so that Mr. Peltier can return to his family and live his final years among his people.
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Egregio Ministro degli Esteri,
con questa lettera vorremmo sollecitare un suo impegno affinche' il Presidente degli Stati Uniti d'America conceda la grazia che finalmente restituisca la liberta' a Leonard Peltier.
Distinti saluti,

Peppe Sini, responsabile del "Centro di ricerca per la pace, i diritti umani e la difesa della biosfera" di Viterbo

Viterbo, 9 aprile 2023

Mittente: "Centro di ricerca per la pace, i diritti umani e la difesa della biosfera" di Viterbo, strada S. Barbara 9/E, 01100 Viterbo, e-mail: centropacevt at gmail.com
Il "Centro di ricerca per la pace, i diritti umani e la difesa della biosfera" di Viterbo e' una struttura nonviolenta attiva dagli anni '70 del secolo scorso che ha sostenuto, promosso e coordinato varie campagne per il bene comune, locali, nazionali ed internazionali. E' la struttura nonviolenta che oltre trent'anni fa ha coordinato per l'Italia la piu' ampia campagna di solidarieta' con Nelson Mandela, allora detenuto nelle prigioni del regime razzista sudafricano. Nel 1987 ha promosso il primo convegno nazionale di studi dedicato a Primo Levi. Dal 2000 pubblica il notiziario telematico quotidiano "La nonviolenza e' in cammino". Dal 2021 e' particolarmente impegnata nella campagna per la liberazione di Leonard Peltier, l'illustre attivista nativo americano difensore dei diritti umani di tutti gli esseri umani e dell'intero mondo vivente, da 47 anni prigioniero innocente.
Piu' specificamente: dal giugno 2021 il "Centro di ricerca per la pace, i diritti umani e la difesa della biosfera" ha lavorato intensamente a qualificare ed estendere la solidarieta' con Leonard Peltier in Italia (ma anche in Europa e negli Stati Uniti d'America e in Canada).
Sul piano della qualificazione della solidarieta' ha promosso molti incontri di studio e ha fatto conoscere per la prima volta in Italia molti libri il cui studio e' fondamentale per chi vuole impegnarsi per sostenere Leonard Peltier e le lotte attuali dei nativi americani.
Sul piano dell'estensione della solidarieta' ha raggiunto ripetutamente decine di migliaia di interlocutori, e raccolto migliaia di adesioni: coinvolgendo figure di grande prestigio della riflessione morale e dell'impegno civile, della scienza e delle arti, dei movimenti e delle istituzioni.
Il criterio e' stato di coinvolgere persone, associazioni ed istituzioni in grado di esercitare un'azione persuasiva nei confronti del Presidente degli Stati Uniti d'America affinche' conceda la grazia presidenziale che restituisca la liberta' a Leonard Peltier.
In questa iniziativa, sul versante del coinvolgimento delle istituzioni, di particolare valore e' stata l'adesione del compianto Presidente del Parlamento Europeo David Sassoli, quelle di molti parlamentari e parlamentari emeriti, quelle dei sindaci di vari comuni d'Italia, da Aosta a Bologna, da Palermo a Pesaro.

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