L'Onu adotta la guerra preventiva

[Carlo Gubitosa <c.gubitosa at peacelink.it>]

Un gruppo di esperti delle Nazioni Unite ha elaborato un documento in cui 
si afferma il diritto alla "difesa preventiva" in alcuni casi particolari, 
ad esempio, guarda un po', contro paesi che ospitano terroristi o armi di 
distruzione di massa. E' la consacrazione mondiale della dottrina Bush.

http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=12687&Cr=peace&Cr1=security

Sono allibito,la notizia ovviamente e' stata ripresa con grande enfasi dai 
Tg Rai e poi me la sono andata a verificare sul sito delle Nazioni Unite, 
sperando che le informazioni fossero state manipolate, ma invece e' proprio 
cosi'.

In particolare mi ha colpito questo passaggio del comunicato stampa:

The report affirms the right of States to defend themselves, including 
pre-emptively when an attack is truly imminent, and says that, in cases 
involving terrorists and WMDs, the Security Council may have to act 
earlier, more pro-actively and more decisively than in the past.

Tengo a precisare che

1) Un documento preparato da un Panel di 16 esperti non ha comunque il 
valore di un trattato internazionale, e che la carta delle nazioni unite ha 
comunque un valore piu' alto e dei contenuti differenti da quelli espressi 
nel documento del "Panel".

2) In ogni caso questo documento non e' ancora un testo ufficiale delle 
Nazioni Unite ma verra' discusso e rivisto dall'assemblea Generale Onu.

Il Tg2 invece ha presentato la notizia come se fosse gia' un documento 
ufficiale.

Ciao

c

Di seguito allego anche il comunicato stampa dell'Onu, non si sa mai che lo 
tolgano dal sito...

-----------------

http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=12687&Cr=peace&Cr1=security

High-level panel named by Annan proposes far-reaching changes to bolster UN

Secretary-General Kofi Annan
1 December 2004 - A panel of eminent persons has recommended far-reaching 
changes to boost the ability of the United Nations to deal effectively with 
future threats caused by poverty and environmental degradation, terrorism, 
civil war, conflict between states, weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) and 
organized crime.

The recommendations, contained in the report of the 16-member High-level 
Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change, were produced after a year of 
deliberations following its appointment in November 2003 by 
Secretary-General Kofi Annan, who will formally receive the document 
tomorrow at UN Headquarters in New York. The Secretary-General will then 
transmit the report, along with a cover letter, to the General Assembly for 
review.

The report affirms the right of States to defend themselves, including 
pre-emptively when an attack is truly imminent, and says that, in cases 
involving terrorists and WMDs, the Security Council may have to act 
earlier, more pro-actively and more decisively than in the past.

The Panel also endorses the idea of a collective responsibility to protect 
civilians from genocide, ethnic cleansing and comparable atrocities, saying 
that the wider international community should intervene - acting 
preventively where possible - when countries are unwilling or unable to 
fulfil their responsibility to their citizens.

The Panel says, however, that if force is needed, it should be used as a 
last resort and authorized by the Security Council. Experts identify five 
criteria to guide the Council in its decisions over whether to authorize 
force: the seriousness of the threat, proper purpose, whether it is a last 
resort, whether proportional means are used, and whether military action is 
likely to have better or worse results than inaction.

It also urges the creation of a Peacebuilding Commission under the Security 
Council to identify countries at risk of violent conflicts, organize 
prevention efforts and sustain international peacebuilding efforts.

The report notes that major changes are needed in UN bodies to make them 
more effective, efficient and equitable, including universal membership for 
the Geneva-based Commission on Human Rights. Such a move would underscore 
the commitment of all members to the promotion of human rights, and might 
help focus attention back on the substantive issues rather than the 
politicking currently engulfing the Commission.

Another way to improve the United Nations, the Panel says, is to carry out 
a one-time review and replacement of personnel, including through early 
retirement, to ensure that the UN Secretariat is staffed with the right 
people to undertake the tasks at hand.

Also included in the report's 101 recommendations are proposals to 
strengthen development efforts, public health capacity and the current 
nuclear non-proliferation regime, which the Panel says is not as effective 
a constraint as it was previously because of the lack of compliance, 
threats to withdraw from the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), a 
changing security environment and the diffusion of technology.

The Panel's Chair, former Prime Minister Anand Panyarachun of Thailand, 
says the 95-page report "puts forward a new vision of collective security, 
one that addresses all of the major threats to international peace and 
security felt around the world."

He and Panel member Gro Harlem Brundtland of the Norway will hold a press 
conference tomorrow at the UN Headquarters for the report's official launch.