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[Nonviolenza] Non muoia in carcere Leonard Peltier. 84
- Subject: [Nonviolenza] Non muoia in carcere Leonard Peltier. 84
- From: Centro di ricerca per la pace Centro di ricerca per la pace <centropacevt at gmail.com>
- Date: Mon, 4 Nov 2024 07:44:50 +0100
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NON MUOIA IN CARCERE LEONARD PELTIER
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Foglio a sostegno dell'appello a scrivere al Presidente degli Stati Uniti d'America affinche' conceda la grazia che restituisca la liberta' a Leonard Peltier
A cura del "Centro di ricerca per la pace, i diritti umani e la difesa della biosfera" di Viterbo
Supplemento a "La nonviolenza e' in cammino" (anno XXV)
Direttore responsabile: Peppe Sini. Redazione: strada S. Barbara 9/E, 01100 Viterbo, e-mail: centropacevt at gmail.com
Numero 84 del 4 novembre 2024
Sommario di questo numero:
1. "Restituisca la liberta' a Leonard Peltier". Estremo un appello al Presidente Biden
2. Che fare adesso per la liberazione di Leonard Peltier
3. Graham Lee Brewer: President Biden to apologize for 150-year Indian boarding school policy
4. Matthew Brown: Forced assimilation and abuse: How US boarding schools devastated Native American tribes
5. Aamer Madhani and Josh Boak: Biden visits Indian Country and apologizes for the 'sin' of a 150-year boarding school policy
6. Graham Lee Brewer and Sejal Govindarao: Native Americans laud Biden for historic apology over boarding schools. They want action to follow
1. REPETITA IUVANT. "RESTITUISCA LA LIBERTA' A LEONARD PELTIER". ESTREMO UN APPELLO AL PRESIDENTE BIDEN
Presidente Biden,
prima del termine del suo mandato lei puo' compiere un gesto che tutte le persone di volonta' buona attendono ormai da molti anni da parte della presidenza degli Stati Uniti d'America: la grazia che restituisca la liberta' a Leonard Peltier, da 48 anni prigioniero innocente.
Leonard Peltier e' un illustre attivista nativo americano difensore del suo popolo e di tutti i popoli oppressi, difensore dei diritti umani di tutti gli esseri umani, difensore della Madre Terra.
Leonard Peltier e' gravemente malato e dopo quasi mezzo secolo di ingiusta detenzione non gli resta molto tempo da vivere.
Leonard Peltier e' stato condannato per un delitto che non ha commesso: e' stato definitivamente dimostrato che le testimonianze contro di lui erano false e che le prove contro di lui erano altrettanto false.
Dal carcere Leonard Peltier lungo mezzo secolo ha sostenuto con la parola e con la testimonianza, con l'esempio e con la solidarieta' concreta nella misura in cui gli e' stato possibile esprimerla, innumerevoli iniziative nonviolente in difesa dei popoli e delle persone cui venivano negati i diritti piu' elementari, in difesa del mondo vivente minacciato di irreversibili devastazioni.
Personalita' come Nelson Mandela, come madre Teresa di Calcutta, come Desmond Tutu, come Rigoberta Menchu', come il Dalai Lama, come papa Francesco, hanno chiesto la sua liberazione.
Movimenti umanitari come Amnesty International e il Movimento Nonviolento hanno chiesto la sua liberazione.
Istituzioni rappresentative come l'Onu (che sulla vicenda di Leonard Peltier si e' pronunciata attraverso una commissione giuridica ad hoc) e come il Parlamento Europeo (fin dagli anni Novanta, ed ancora qualche anno fa con il compianto suo Presidente David Sassoli) hanno chiesto la sua liberazione.
*
Presidente Biden,
in questo tempo attraversato da orrori indicibili, da guerre e devastazioni inaudite, in cui non solo l'intera umana famiglia ma l'intero mondo vivente - quest'unico mondo vivente che conosciamo nell'intero universo - sono minacciati di distruzione per responsabilita' di poteri folli e scellerati, la liberazione di Leonard Peltier costituirebbe un messaggio di speranza e un'epifania di bene a conforto e sostegno dell'umanita' intera.
La liberazione di Leonard Peltier sarebbe per ogni persona di volonta' buona e per ogni civile consorzio e legittimo istituto fedeli all'umanita' una viva gioia e un impulso potente a continuare ad operare per la pace che salva le vite, per il bene comune che ogni essere umano riconosce e raggiunge e soccorre e preserva, che nessuna persona abbandona al dolore e alla morte.
*
Presidente Biden,
conceda la grazia a Leonard Peltier.
Restituisca la liberta' a Leonard Peltier.
Il "Centro di ricerca per la pace, i diritti umani e la difesa della biosfera" di Viterbo
Viterbo, 11 agosto 2024
Il "Centro di ricerca per la pace, i diritti umani e la difesa della biosfera" di Viterbo e' una struttura nonviolenta attiva dagli anni '70 del secolo scorso che ha sostenuto, promosso e coordinato varie campagne per il bene comune, locali, nazionali ed internazionali. E' la struttura nonviolenta che negli anni Ottanta ha coordinato per l'Italia la piu' ampia campagna di solidarieta' con Nelson Mandela, allora detenuto nelle prigioni del regime razzista sudafricano. Nel 1987 ha promosso il primo convegno nazionale di studi dedicato a Primo Levi. Dal 2000 pubblica il notiziario telematico quotidiano "La nonviolenza e' in cammino". Dal 2021 e' particolarmente impegnato nella campagna per la liberazione di Leonard Peltier, l'illustre attivista nativo americano difensore dei diritti umani di tutti gli esseri umani e dell'intero mondo vivente, da 48 anni prigioniero innocente.
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Allegato primo. Per scrivere al Presidente Biden:
Per scrivere al Presidente degli Stati Uniti d'America e' sufficiente collegarsi al sito della Casa Bianca alla pagina web: https://www.whitehouse.gov/contact/
Compilare quindi gli item successivi:
- alla voce MESSAGE TYPE: scegliere Contact the President
- alla voce PREFIX: scegliere il titolo corrispondente alla propria identita'
- alla voce FIRST NAME: scrivere il proprio nome
- alla voce SECOND NAME: si puo' omettere la compilazione
- alla voce LAST NAME: scrivere il proprio cognome
- alla voce SUFFIX, PRONOUNS: si puo' omettere la compilazione
- alla voce E-MAIL: scrivere il proprio indirizzo e-mail
- alla voce PHONE: scrivere il proprio numero di telefono seguendo lo schema 39xxxxxxxxxx
- alla voce COUNTRY/STATE/REGION: scegliere Italy
- alla voce STREET: scrivere il proprio indirizzo nella sequenza numero civico, via/piazza
- alla voce CITY: scrivere il nome della propria citta' e il relativo codice di avviamento postale
- alla voce WHAT WOULD YOU LIKE TO SAY? [Cosa vorresti dire?]: scrivere un breve testo (di seguito una traccia utilizzabile):
"Egregio Presidente degli Stati Uniti d'America,
le scriviamo per chiederle di concedere la grazia presidenziale a Leonard Peltier.
Come lei sa, Leonard Peltier ha gia' subito 48 anni di carcere per un delitto che non ha commesso.
E' vecchio, e' gravemente malato, le sue patologie non possono essere adeguatamente curate in carcere.
La sua liberazione e' stata chiesta da Nelson Mandela, da madre Teresa di Calcutta, dal Dalai Lama, da papa Francesco, da Amnesty International, dal Parlamento Europeo, dall'Onu, da milioni di persone di tutto il mondo.
Egregio Presidente degli Stati Uniti d'America,
conceda la grazia a Leonard Peltier.
Restituisca la liberta' a Leonard Peltier.
Distinti saluti".
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Allegato secondo. Per saperne di piu':
Leonard Peltier e' un illustre attivista nativo americano difensore dei diritti umani di tutti gli esseri umani e dell'intero mondo vivente, da 48 anni prigioniero innocente.
Segnaliamo alcuni materiali di documentazione in lingua italiana disponibili nella rete telematica:
https://sites.google.com/view/viterboperleonardpeltier/home-page
https://sites.google.com/view/vetralla-per-peltier-2021/home-page
https://sites.google.com/view/vetrallaperpeltier2022/home-page
https://sites.google.com/view/vetrallaperleonardpeltier2023/home-page
https://sites.google.com/view/vetralla-per-peltier-2024/home-page
Segnaliamo anche alcune pubblicazioni a stampa in italiano e in inglese particolarmente utili:
- Edda Scozza, Il coraggio d'essere indiano. Leonard Peltier prigioniero degli Stati Uniti, Erre Emme, Pomezia (Roma) 1996 (ora Roberto Massari Editore, Bolsena Vt).
- Peter Matthiessen, In the Spirit of Crazy Horse, 1980, Penguin Books, New York 1992 e successive ristampe; in edizione italiana: Peter Matthiessen, Nello spirito di Cavallo Pazzo, Frassinelli, Milano 1994.
- Leonard Peltier (con la collaborazione di Harvey Arden), Prison writings. My life is my sun dance, St. Martin's Griffin, New York 1999; in edizione italiana: Leonard Peltier, La mia danza del sole. Scritti dalla prigione, Fazi, Roma 2005.
- Jim Messerschmidt, The Trial of Leonard Peltier, South End Press, Cambridge, MA, 1983, 1989, 2002.
- Bruce E. Johansen, Encyclopedia of the American Indian Movement, Greenwood, Santa Barbara - Denver - Oxford, 2013 e piu' volte ristampata.
Segnaliamo inoltre che nella rete telematica e' disponibile una notizia sintetica in italiano dal titolo "Alcune parole per Leonard Peltier":
https://lists.peacelink.it/nonviolenza/2022/03/msg00001.html
Sempre nella rete telematica e' disponibile anche una piu' ampia ed approfondita bibliografia ragionata dal titolo "Dieci libri piu' uno che sarebbe bene aver letto per conoscere la vicenda di Leonard Peltier (e qualche altro minimo suggerimento bibliografico)":
https://lists.peacelink.it/nonviolenza/2022/09/msg00064.html
Ancora nella rete telematica segnaliamo una lettera "ad adiuvandum" alla "United States Parole Commission" del 22 giugno 2024:
https://lists.peacelink.it/nonviolenza/2024/06/msg00055.html
Segnaliamo infine l'attuale sito ufficiale del Comitato di solidarieta' con Leonard Peltier, il "Free Leonard Peltier Ad Hoc Committee": www.freeleonardpeltiernow.org
2. REPETITA IUVANT. CHE FARE ADESSO PER LA LIBERAZIONE DI LEONARD PELTIER
Come e' noto, la "United States Parole Commission" ha negato la "liberta' sulla parola" a Leonard Peltier, ed ha fissato la prossima udienza al 2026. Gli avvocati di Leonard Peltier hanno gia' annunciato che ovviamente interporranno appello avverso questa decisione.
Come e' noto Leonard Peltier, l'illustre attivista nativo americano difensore dei diritti umani di tutti gli esseri umani e dell'intero mondo vivente, e' detenuto da 48 anni in un carcere di massima sicurezza per un delitto che non ha commesso; la sua condanna si baso' su "testimonianze" false e su "prove" altrettanto false. E' anziano (ha quasi 80 anni) e gravemente malato, e le sue plurime patologie non possono essere curate adeguatamente in regime carcerario. Numerosissime personalita' benemerite dell'umanita', associazioni benefiche come Amnesty International, istituzioni democratiche di tutto il mondo - in primis l'Onu e il Parlamento Europeo - chiedono la sua liberazione.
*
Che fare?
Occorre perseverare lungo tutte e tre le vie che possono portare alla liberazione di Leonard Peltier:
1. la richiesta al Presidente degli Stati Uniti d'America di concedere la "grazia presidenziale";
2. la richiesta al Procuratore Generale degli Stati Uniti d'America di concedere il "rilascio compassionevole";
3. la richiesta alla "United States Parole Commission" di concedere la "liberta' sulla parola".
*
Alcune indicazioni pratiche
a) Per scrivere al Presidente degli Stati Uniti d'America:
aprire la pagina ad hoc nel sito: https://www.whitehouse.gov/contact/ e seguire le indicazioni li' contenute.
Proposta di testo:
Egregio Presidente degli Stati Uniti d'America,
e' consuetudine che avvicinandosi il termine del mandato quadriennale il Presidente degli Stati Uniti d'America conceda la grazia ad alcuni detenuti.
La preghiamo di voler concedere la grazia al signor Leonard Peltier, detenuto da quasi mezzo secolo, ormai quasi ottantenne, affetto da gravissime patologie che non possono essere curate in regime carcerario, la cui liberazione e' stata richiesta da personalita' illustri come Nelson Mandela, madre Teresa di Calcutta, il Dalai Lama, papa Francesco e da istituzioni come l'Onu e il Parlamento Europeo.
Voglia gradire distinti saluti.
b) Per scrivere al Procuratore Generale degli Stati Uniti d'America:
aprire la pagina ad hoc nel sito: https://www.justice.gov/doj/webform/your-message-department-justice e seguire le indicazioni li' contenute.
Proposta di testo:
Egregio Procuratore Generale degli Stati Uniti d'America,
la preghiamo di voler concedere il "rilascio compassionevole" ("compassionate release") al signor Leonard Peltier, detenuto da quasi mezzo secolo, ormai quasi ottantenne, affetto da gravissime patologie che non possono essere curate in regime carcerario, la cui liberazione e' stata richiesta da personalita' illustri come Nelson Mandela, madre Teresa di Calcutta, il Dalai Lama, papa Francesco e da istituzioni come l'Onu e il Parlamento Europeo.
Voglia gradire distinti saluti.
c) Per scrivere alla "United States Parole Commission":
usare l'indirizzo e-mail: USParole.questions at usdoj.gov
Proposta di testo:
Egregie signore ed egregi signori della "United States Parole Commission",
pur consapevoli della vostra recente decisione, ci permettiamo di sollecitare ulteriormente una tempestiva riconsiderazione della situazione del signor Leonard Peltier, detenuto da quasi mezzo secolo, ormai quasi ottantenne, affetto da gravissime patologie che non possono essere curate in regime carcerario, la cui liberazione e' stata richiesta da personalita' illustri come Nelson Mandela, madre Teresa di Calcutta, il Dalai Lama, papa Francesco e da istituzioni come l'Onu e il Parlamento Europeo.
Vogliate gradire distinti saluti.
*
d) Per informare gli avvocati che assistono Leonard Peltier:
usare gli indirizzi e-mail: ksharp at sanfordheisler.com, jenipherj at forthepeoplelegal.com
Proposta di testo:
Egregia avvocata, egregio avvocato,
vi informiamo che abbiamo scritto al Presidente degli Stati Uniti d'America, al Procuratore Generale degli Stati Uniti d'America, alla "United States Parole Commission", le lettere il cui testo alleghiamo.
Vogliate gradire distinti saluti.
*
Tre consigli a chi vuole esprimere e promuovere la solidarieta'
I. La prima forma di solidarieta' e' la conoscenza
- occorre studiare adeguatamente tanto i fatti quanto il contesto;
- occorre far circolare l'informazione, avendo cura che sia un'informazione precisa ed incontrovertibile;
- occorre promuovere altre adesioni all'impegno, avendo cura che ci si attenga scrupolosamente al fine della liberazione di Leonard Peltier e che la metodologia sia rigorosamente nonviolenta;
- soprattutto: occorre far sentire la propria voce direttamente alle istanze istituzionali concretamente preposte alla decisione sulla liberazione di Leonard Peltier; e farla sentire in modo adeguato: ovvero comprensibile e persuasivo. Non serve, ed e' anzi dannosa, la retorica d'accatto, ignorante e stereotipata, che ovviamente non convince nessuno.
E' semplicemente indispensabile la lettura di tutti i seguenti testi:
- Ward Churchill e Jim Vander Wall, Agents of Repression: The FBI's Secret Wars Against the Black Panther Party and the American Indian Movement, South End Press, Boulder, Colorado, 1988, 2002, Black Classic Press, Baltimore 2022.
- Ward Churchill e Jim Vander Wall, The COINTELPRO Papers: Documents from the FBI's Secret Wars Against Dissent in the United States, South End Press, Boulder, Colorado, 1990, 2002, Black Classic Press, Baltimore 2022.
- Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz, An Indigenous Peoples' History of the United States, Beacon Press, Boston 2014.
- Steve Hendricks, The Unquiet Grave: The FBI and the Struggle for the Soul of Indian Country, Thunder's Mouth Press, New York 2006.
- Bruce E. Johansen, Encyclopedia of the American Indian Movement, Greenwood, Santa Barbara - Denver - Oxford, 2013 e piu' volte ristampata.
- Peter Matthiessen, In the Spirit of Crazy Horse, 1980, Penguin Books, New York 1992 e successive ristampe.
- Jim Messerschmidt, The Trial of Leonard Peltier, South End Press, Cambridge, MA, 1983, 1989, 2002.
- Leonard Peltier (con la collaborazione di Harvey Arden), Prison Writings: My Life is my Sun Dance, St. Martin's Griffin, New York 1999.
- Michael E. Tigar, Wade H. McCree, Leonard Peltier, Petitioner, v. United States. U.S. Supreme Court transcript of record with supporting pleading, Gale MOML U.S. Supreme Court Records, 1978 e successive ristampe.
- Joseph H. Trimbach e John M. Trimbach, American Indian Mafia: An FBI Agent's True Story About Wounded Knee, Leonard Peltier, and the American Indian Movement (AIM), Outskirts Press, Denver 2009.
II. La prima forma di azione nonviolenta e' la parresia
- occorre prendere la parola e dire la verita' contrastando la violenza del potere;
- occorre prendere la parola e dire la verita' alle istituzioni per ottenere il rispetto del diritto e della morale;
- occorre prendere la parola e dire la verita' come atto politico che invera l'esercizio della democrazia.
Leonard Peltier e' innocente. Leonard Peltier e' in pericolo di morte. Leonard Peltier deve essere liberato.
Nella vicenda di Leonard Peltier si compendia e si testimonia la condizione imposta dalla violenza etnocida, genocida ed ecocida del potere colonialista, imperialista e razzista a tutti i popoli oppressi, all'umanita' intera e all'intero mondo vivente.
La liberazione di Leonard Peltier significa quindi riconoscere il diritto alla vita non solo di ogni persona innocente e di ogni popolo oppresso, ma di tutti gli esseri umani in quanto tali, dell'umanita' intera, di tutti gli esseri viventi e dell'intero mondo vivente.
III. Il tempo e' poco, agire ora
La vecchiaia e le patologie di Leonard Peltier rendono urgente l'impegno per la sua liberazione.
Occorre scrivere ora ai soggetti istituzionali che hanno il potere di restituirgli la liberta'.
Occorre promuovere ora ogni iniziativa nonviolenta adeguata a far crescere l'impegno per la sua liberazione.
Occorre attivare i mezzi d'informazione per ottenere ora la massima attenzione possibile dell'opinione pubblica.
*
Free Leonard Peltier.
Non muoia in prigione un uomo innocente.
Mitakuye Oyasin.
Il "Centro di ricerca per la pace, i diritti umani e la difesa della biosfera" di Viterbo
Viterbo, 7 luglio 2024
3. DOCUMENTAZIONE. GRAHAM LEE BREWER: RESIDENT BIDEN TO APOLOGIZE FOR 150-YEAR INIAN BOARDING SCHOOL POLICY
[Dal sito dell'Associated Press riprendiamo e diffondiamo il seguente articolo del 25 ottobre 2024]
NORMAN, Okla. (AP) - President Joe Biden said he will formally apologize on Friday for the country's role in forcing Indigenous children for over 150 years into boarding schools, where many were physically, emotionally and sexually abused, and more than 950 died.
"I'm doing something I should have done a long time ago: To make a formal apology to the Indian nations for the way we treated their children for so many years," Biden said Thursday as he left the White House for Arizona.
Interior Secretary Deb Haaland launched an investigation into the boarding school system shortly after she became the first Native American to lead the agency, and she will join Biden during his first diplomatic visit to a tribal nation as president as he delivers a speech Friday at the Gila River Indian Community outside Phoenix.
"I would never have guessed in a million years that something like this would happen," Haaland, a member of the Pueblo of Laguna in New Mexico, told The Associated Press. "It's a big deal to me. I'm sure it will be a big deal to all of Indian Country."
The investigation she launched found that at least 18,000 children - some as young as 4 - were taken from their parents and forced to attend schools that sought to assimilate them into white society while federal and state authorities sought to dispossess tribal nations of their land.
No president has ever formally apologized for the forced removal of these children - an element of genocide as defined by the United Nations - or the U.S. government's actions to decimate Native American, Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian peoples.
The Interior Department conducted listening sessions and gathered the testimony of survivors. One of the recommendations of the final report was an acknowledgement of, and apology for, the boarding school era. Haaland said she took that to Biden, who agreed that it was necessary.
"In making this apology, the President acknowledges that we as a people who love our country must remember and teach our full history, even when it is painful. And we must learn from that history so that it is never repeated," the White House said in a statement.
The forced assimilation policy launched by Congress in 1819 as an effort to "civilize" Native Americans ended in 1978 after the passage of a wide-ranging law, the Indian Child Welfare Act, which was primarily focused on giving tribes a say in who adopted their children.
The visit by Biden and Haaland to the Gila River Indian Community comes as Vice President Kamala Harris' campaign spends hundreds of millions of dollars on ads targeting Native American voters in battleground states including Arizona and North Carolina.
"It will be one of the high points of my entire life," Haaland said of Biden's apology Friday.
It's unclear what action, if any, will follow the apology. The Interior Department is still working with tribal nations to repatriate the remains of children on federal lands. Some tribes are still at odds with the U.S. Army, which has refused to follow federal law regulating the return of Native American remains when it comes to those still buried at the Carlisle Indian School in Pennsylvania.
"President Biden's apology is a profound moment for Native people across this country," Cherokee Nation Principal Chief Chuck Hoskin Jr. said in a statement to the AP.
"Our children were made to live in a world that erased their identities, their culture and upended their spoken language," Hoskin said in his statement. "Oklahoma was home to 87 boarding schools in which thousands of our Cherokee children attended. Still today, nearly every Cherokee Nation citizen somehow feels the impact."
Friday's apology could lead to further progress for tribal nations still pushing for continued action from the federal government, said Melissa Nobles, chancellor of MIT and author of "The Politics of Official Apologies."
"These things have value because it validates the experiences of the survivors and acknowledges they’ve been seen," Nobles said.
The U.S. government has offered apologies for other historic injustices, including to Japanese families it imprisoned during World War II. President Ronald Reagan signed the Civil Liberties Act in 1988 to compensate tens of thousands of people sent to internment camps during the war.
In 1993, President Bill Clinton signed a law apologizing to Native Hawaiians for the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy a century earlier.
The House and Senate passed resolutions in 2008 and 2009 apologizing for slavery and Jim Crow segregation. But the gestures did not create pathways to reparations for Black Americans.
In Canada, a country with a similar history of subjugating First Nations and forcing their children into boarding schools for assimilation, former Prime Minister Stephen Harper made a formal apology in 2008. There was also a truth and reconciliation process, and later a plan to inject billions of dollars into communities devastated by the government’s policies.
Pope Francis issued a historic apology in 2022 for the Catholic Church's cooperation with Canada's policy of Indigenous residential schools, saying the forced assimilation of Native people into Christian society destroyed their cultures, severed families and marginalized generations.
"I humbly beg forgiveness for the evil committed by so many Christians against the Indigenous peoples," Francis said.
In 2008, Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd formally apologized to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples for his government's past policies of assimilation, including the forced removal of children. New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern made a similar concession in 2022.
Hoskin said he is grateful to both Biden and Haaland for leading the effort to reckon with the country's role in a dark chapter for Indigenous peoples. But he emphasized that the apology is just "an important step, which must be followed by continued action."
*
Associated Press writers Peter Smith in Pittsburgh and Josh Boak at the White House contributed to this report.
4. DOCUMENTAZIONE. MATTHEW BROWN: FORCED ASSIMILATION AND ABUSE: HOW US BOARING SCHOOLS DEVASTATED NATIVE AMERICAN TRIBES
[Dal sito dell'Associated Press riprendiamo e diffondiamo il seguente articolo del 24 ottobre 2024]
BILLINGS, Mont. (AP) — The White House says President Joe Biden will apologize on behalf of the U.S. government Friday for its 150-year campaign to break up Native American culture, language and identity by forcing children into abusive Indian boarding schools.
More than 900 children died at the government-funded schools, the last of which closed or transitioned into different institutions decades ago. Their dark legacy continues to be felt in Native communities where survivors struggle with generational trauma from the torture, sexual abuse and hatred they endured.
Biden is expected to formally acknowledge the federal government's role and apologize for it during an appearance at the Gila River Indian Community outside Phoenix.
A closer look at the federal boarding school system.
*
150 years of forced assimilation
Congress laid the framework for a nationwide boarding school system for Native Americans in 1819 under the 5th U.S. President, James Monroe, with legislation known as the Indian Civilization Act. It was purportedly aimed at stopping the "final extinction of the Indian tribes" and "introducing among them the habits and arts of civilization."
Central to that effort was dissolving Native families and severing generational ties that had kept their cultures alive despite being forced onto reservations.
Over the next 150 years, government and religious institutions backed by taxpayer money operated at least 417 schools in 37 states. Staff at the schools worked to strip Native children of their traditions and heritage. Teachers and administrators cut their hair, forbade them from speaking their own languages and forced them into manual labor.
By the 1920s, most Indigenous school-age children - some 60,000 at one point - were attending boarding schools that were run either by the federal government or religious organizations, according to the National Native American Boarding School Healing Coalition.
The heaviest concentrations of the schools were in states with some of the largest Native populations: Oklahoma, Alaska, Arizona, New Mexico, Minnesota and the Dakotas. But the schools were in every region of the U.S. and students - some as young as 4 - were often sent to schools far from their homes.
The last of the schools opened in 1969, the same year that a Senate report declared the boarding school system a national tragedy. It found they were grossly underfinanced, academically deficient and had a "major emphasis" on discipline and punishment.
The forced assimilation policy was finally and officially rejected with the enactment of the Indian Child Welfare Act in 1978. Despite this policy shift, however, the government never fully investigated the boarding school system, until the Biden administration.
*
Survivors recount abuse
A nationwide re-examination of the system was launched in 2021 by Interior Secretary Deb Haaland, a member of Laguna Pueblo in New Mexico and the country's first Native American Cabinet secretary.
She and other Interior officials held listening sessions over two years on and off reservations across the U.S. to allow survivors of the schools and their relatives to tell their stories.
Former students recounted harmful and often degrading treatment they endured at the hands of teachers and administrators while separated from their families. Their descendants spoke about traumas that have passed down through generations and are manifest in broken relationships, substance abuse and other social problems that plague reservations today.
Haaland's grandparents were among them - taken from their community when they were 8 years old and forced to live in a Catholic boarding school until they were 13.
"Make no mistake: This was a concerted attempt to eradicate the quote, 'Indian problem' - to either assimilate or destroy Native peoples altogether," Haaland said in July when findings of the agency's investigation were released. The top recommendation from the agency was for the government to formally apologize.
*
Unmarked graves and repatriations
At least 973 Native American children died in the boarding system. They included an estimated 187 Native American and Alaska Native children who perished at the Carlisle Indian Industrial School in southeastern Pennsylvania. It's now the site of the U.S. Army War College. Its officials continue repatriations - just last month, the remains of three children who died at the school were disinterred and returned to the Fort Belknap Indian Reservation in Montana.
The Interior Department's investigation found marked and unmarked graves at 65 boarding schools. The causes of death included disease and abuse. More children may have died away from the campuses, after they became sick at school and were sent home, officials said.
The schools, similar institutions and related assimilation programs were funded by a total of $23.3 billion in inflation-adjusted federal spending, officials determined. Religious and private institutions that ran many of the schools received federal money as partners in the campaign to "civilize" Indigenous students.
More than 200 of the schools supported by the government had a religious affiliation. The boarding school coalition has identified more than 100 additional schools not on the government list that were run by churches, with no evidence of federal support.
U.S. Catholic bishops in June apologized for the church’s role in trauma the children experienced.
5. DOCUMENTAZIONE. AAMER MADHANI AND JOSH BOAK: BIDEN VISITS INDIAN COUNTRY AND APOLOGIZES FOR THE 'SIN' OF A 150-YEAR BOARDING SCHOOL POLICY
[Dal sito dell'Associated Press riprendiamo e diffondiamo il seguente articolo del 25 ottobre 2024]
LAVEEN VILLAGE, Ariz. (AP) - President Joe Biden on Friday formally apologized to Native Americans for the "sin" of a government-run boarding school system that for decades forcibly separated children from their parents, calling it a "blot on American history" in his first presidential visit to Indian Country.
"It's a sin on our soul," said Biden, his voice full of anger and emotion. "Quite frankly, there's no excuse that this apology took 50 years to make."
It was a moment of both contrition and frustration as the president sought to recognize one of the "most horrific chapters" in the national story. Biden spoke of the abuses and deaths of Native children that resulted from the federal government's policies, noting that "while darkness can hide much, it erases nothing" and that great nations "must know the good, the bad, the truth of who we are."
"I formally apologize as president of United States of America for what we did," Biden said. The government's removal of children from their Native American community for boarding schools "will always be a significant mark of shame, a blot on American history. For too long, this all happened with virtually no public attention, not written about in our history books, not taught in our schools."
Democrats hope Biden's visit to the Gila River Indian Community's land on the outskirts of Phoenix's metro area will also provide a boost to Vice President Kamala Harris' turnout effort in a key battleground state. The moment gave Biden a fuller chance to spotlight his and Harris' support for tribal nations, a group that historically has favored Democrats, in a state he won just by 10,000 votes in 2020.
The race between Harris and former President Donald Trump is expected to be similarly close, and both campaigns are doing whatever they can to improve turnout among bedrock supporters.
"The race is now a turnout grab," said Mike O'Neil, a non-partisan pollster based in Arizona. "The trendlines throughout have been remarkably steady. The question is which candidate is going to be able to turn out their voters in a race that seems to be destined to be decided by narrow margins."
Biden has been used sparingly on the campaign trail by Harris and other Democrats since he ended his reelection campaign in July.
But analysts say Biden could help Harris in her appeal with Native American voters - a group that has trailed others in turnout rates.
In 2020, there was a surge in voter turnout on some tribal land in Arizona as Biden beat Trump and became the first Democratic presidential candidate to win the state since Bill Clinton in 1996.
Biden, whose presidency is winding down, had promised tribal leaders nearly two years ago that he would visit Indian Country.
For decades, federal boarding schools were used to assimilate children into white society, according to the White House. Not everyone saw the apology as sufficient.
"An apology is a nice start, but it is not a true reckoning, nor is it a sufficient remedy for the long history of colonial violence," said Chase Iron Eyes, director of the Lakota People's Law Project and Sacred Defense Fund.
At least 973 Native American children died in the U.S. government's abusive boarding school system over a 150-year period that ended in 1969, according to an Interior Department investigation that called for a U.S. government apology.
At least 18,000 children, some as young as 4, were taken from their parents and forced to attend schools that sought to assimilate them.
"President Biden deserves credit for finally putting attention on the issue and other issues impacting the community," said Ramona Charette Klein, 77, a boarding school survivor and an enrolled member of the Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa. "I do think that will reflect well on Vice President Harris, and I hope this momentum will continue."
Democrats have stepped up outreach to Native American communities.
Both Harris and her running mate, Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz, met with tribal leaders in Arizona and Nevada this month. And Clinton, who has been serving as a surrogate for Harris, last week met in North Carolina with the chairman of the Lumbee Tribe.
The Democratic National Committee recently launched a six-figure ad campaign targeting Native American voters in Arizona, North Carolina, Montana and Alaska through digital, print and radio ads.
Democratic Rep. Ruben Gallego, who is locked in a competitive race with Republican Kari Lake for Arizona's open Senate seat, has visited all 22 of Arizona's federally recognized tribes.
Harris started a recent campaign rally in Chandler, near where the Gila River reservation is located, with a shoutout to the tribe's leader. Walz is scheduled to go to the Navajo Nation in Arizona on Saturday.
The White House says Biden and Harris have built a substantial track record with Native Americans over the last four years.
The president designated the sacred Avi Kwa Ame, a desert mountain in Nevada and Baaj Nwaavjo I'tah Kukveni-Ancestral Footprints of the Grand Canyon in Arizona as national monuments and restored the boundaries for Bears Ears National Monument in Utah.
In addition, the administration has directed nearly $46 billion in federal spending to tribal nations. The money has helped bring electricity to a reservation that never had electricity, expand access to high-speed internet, improve water sanitation, build roadways and more.
Biden picked former New Mexico Rep. Deb Haaland to serve as his Interior secretary, the first Native American to be appointed to a Cabinet position. Haaland is a member of Laguna Pueblo in New Mexico.
She, in turn, ordered the comprehensive review in June 2021 of the troubled legacy of the federal government's boarding school policies that led Biden to deliver the formal apology.
Thom Reilly, co-director of the Center for an Independent and Sustainable Democracy at Arizona State University, said both Harris' and Trump's campaigns - and their allies - have put a remarkable amount of effort into micro-targeting in Arizona.
"They are pulling out every stop just to see if they could wrangle a few more votes here and there," Reilly said. "The Indian community is one of those groups that Harris is hoping will overperform and help make the difference."
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Boak reported from Washington. Associated Press writer Graham Lee Brewer in Norman, Oklahoma, contributed to this report.
6. DOCUMENTAZIONE. GRAHAM LEE BREWER AND SEJAL GOVINDARAO: NATIVE AMERICANS LAUD BIDEN FOR HISTORICAL APOLOGY OVER BOARDING SCHOOLS. THEY WANT ACTION TO FOLLOW
[Dal sito dell'Associated Press riprendiamo e diffondiamo il seguente articolo del 26 ottobre 2024]
LAVEEN VILLAGE, Ariz. (AP) - President Joe Biden did something Friday that no other sitting U.S. president has: He apologized for the systemic abuse of generations of Indigenous children endured in boarding schools at the hands of the federal government.
For 150 years the U.S. removed Indigenous children from their homes and sent them away to the schools, where they were stripped of their cultures, histories and religions and beaten for speaking their languages.
"We should be ashamed," Biden said to a crowd of Indigenous people gathered at the Gila River Indian Community outside of Phoenix, including tribal leaders, survivors and their families. Biden called the government-mandated system that began in 1819 "one of the most horrific chapters in American history," while acknowledging the decades of abuse inflicted upon children and widespread devastation left behind.
For many Native Americans, the long-awaited apology was a welcome acknowledgment of the government's longstanding culpability. Now, they say, words must be followed up by action.
Bill Hall, 71, of Seattle, was 9 when he was taken from his Tlingit community in Alaska and forced to attend a boarding school, where he endured years of physical and sexual abuse that lead to many more years of shame. When he first heard that Biden was going to apologize, he wasn't sure he would be able to accept it.
"But, as I was watching, tears began to flow from my eyes," Hall said. "Yes, I accept his apology. Now, what can we do next?"
Rosalie Whirlwind Soldier, a 79-year-old citizen of the Rosebud Sioux Tribe, said she felt “a tingle in my heart” and was glad the historical wrong was being acknowledged. Still, she remains saddened by the irreversible harms done to her people.
Whirlwind Soldier suffered severe mistreatment at a school in South Dakota that left her with a lifelong, painful limp. The Catholic-run, government-subsidized facility took away her faith and tried to stamp out her Lakota identity by cutting off her long braids, she said.
"Sorry is not enough. Nothing is enough when you damage a human being," she said. "A whole generation of people and our future was destroyed for us."
The schools were designed both to assimilate Native American, Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian children and to dispossess tribal nations of their land, according to an Interior Department investigation launched by Secretary Deb Haaland, the first Native American to lead the agency.
Introducing Biden on Friday, Haaland said that while the formal apology is an acknowledgement of a dark chapter, it is also a celebration of Indigenous resilience: "Despite everything that happened, we are still here."
Haaland, a citizen of the Pueblo of Laguna, commissioned the investigation in 2021. It documented the cases of more than 18,000 Indigenous children, of whom 973 were killed. Both the report and independent researchers say the overall number was much higher.
The report came with several recommendations taken from the testimony of school survivors, including resources for mental health treatment and language revitalization programs.
Gila River Indian Community Gov. Stephen Roe Lewis noted that Biden has pledged to make good on those recommendations.
"This lays the framework to address the boarding school policies of the past," he said.
Benjamin Mallott, president of the Alaska Federation of Natives, who is Lingít, said in a statement that the apology must be accompanied by meaningful actions: "This includes revitalizing our languages and cultures and bringing home our Native children who have not yet been returned, so they can be laid to rest with their families and in their communities."
That view is shared by Victoria Kitcheyan, chairwoman of the Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska, which sued the U.S. Army in January seeking the return of the remains of two children who died at the Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Pennsylvania.
"That healing doesn't start until tribes have a pathway to bring their children home to be laid to rest," Kitcheyan said.
In an interview Thursday, Haaland said Interior is still working with several tribal nations to repatriate the remains of several children who were killed and buried at a boarding school.
Democratic U.S. Sen. Elizabeth Warren of Massachusetts, who introduced a bill last year to establish a truth and healing commission to address the harms caused by the boarding school system, called the apology "a historic step toward long-overdue accountability for the harms done to Native children and their communities."
And Sen. Lisa Murkowski, an Alaska Republican who is vice chairman of the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs, also commended Biden while saying it reinforces the need for a truth and healing commission.
"This acknowledgement of the pain and injustices inflicted upon Indigenous communities - while long overdue - is an extremely important step toward healing," Murkowski said in a statement.
As Biden spoke Friday, tribal members rose to their feet, with many recording the moment on their phones. Some wore traditional garments, and others had shirts supporting Biden and Vice President Kamala Harris.
There was a moment of silence, the formal apology and then an eruption of applause.
At the end of Biden's remarks, the crowd stood again. There were shouts of, "Thank you, Joe."
Hall, the boarding school survivor in Seattle, and others have long been advocating for resources to redress the harm. He worries that tribal nations will continue to struggle with healing unless the government steps up, and he sees a long road yet ahead.
"It took a lifetime to get here. It's going to take a lifetime to get to the other side," he said. "And that's the very sad part of it. I won't see it in my generation."
*
Associated Press writer Matthew Brown in Billings, Montana, contributed to this report.
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NON MUOIA IN CARCERE LEONARD PELTIER
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Foglio a sostegno dell'appello a scrivere al Presidente degli Stati Uniti d'America affinche' conceda la grazia che restituisca la liberta' a Leonard Peltier
A cura del "Centro di ricerca per la pace, i diritti umani e la difesa della biosfera" di Viterbo
Supplemento a "La nonviolenza e' in cammino" (anno XXV)
Direttore responsabile: Peppe Sini. Redazione: strada S. Barbara 9/E, 01100 Viterbo, e-mail: centropacevt at gmail.com
Numero 84 del 4 novembre 2024
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Informativa sulla privacy
Alla luce delle normative europee in materia di trattamento di elaborazione dei dati personali e' nostro desiderio informare tutti i lettori del notiziario "La nonviolenza e' in cammino" che e' possibile consultare la nuova informativa sulla privacy: https://www.peacelink.it/peacelink/informativa-privacy-nonviolenza
Per non ricevere piu' il notiziario e' sufficiente recarsi in questa pagina: https://lists.peacelink.it/sympa/signoff/nonviolenza
Per iscriversi al notiziario, invece, l'indirizzo e' https://lists.peacelink.it/sympa/subscribe/nonviolenza
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L'unico indirizzo di posta elettronica utilizzabile per contattare la redazione e' centropacevt at gmail.com
NON MUOIA IN CARCERE LEONARD PELTIER
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Foglio a sostegno dell'appello a scrivere al Presidente degli Stati Uniti d'America affinche' conceda la grazia che restituisca la liberta' a Leonard Peltier
A cura del "Centro di ricerca per la pace, i diritti umani e la difesa della biosfera" di Viterbo
Supplemento a "La nonviolenza e' in cammino" (anno XXV)
Direttore responsabile: Peppe Sini. Redazione: strada S. Barbara 9/E, 01100 Viterbo, e-mail: centropacevt at gmail.com
Numero 84 del 4 novembre 2024
Sommario di questo numero:
1. "Restituisca la liberta' a Leonard Peltier". Estremo un appello al Presidente Biden
2. Che fare adesso per la liberazione di Leonard Peltier
3. Graham Lee Brewer: President Biden to apologize for 150-year Indian boarding school policy
4. Matthew Brown: Forced assimilation and abuse: How US boarding schools devastated Native American tribes
5. Aamer Madhani and Josh Boak: Biden visits Indian Country and apologizes for the 'sin' of a 150-year boarding school policy
6. Graham Lee Brewer and Sejal Govindarao: Native Americans laud Biden for historic apology over boarding schools. They want action to follow
1. REPETITA IUVANT. "RESTITUISCA LA LIBERTA' A LEONARD PELTIER". ESTREMO UN APPELLO AL PRESIDENTE BIDEN
Presidente Biden,
prima del termine del suo mandato lei puo' compiere un gesto che tutte le persone di volonta' buona attendono ormai da molti anni da parte della presidenza degli Stati Uniti d'America: la grazia che restituisca la liberta' a Leonard Peltier, da 48 anni prigioniero innocente.
Leonard Peltier e' un illustre attivista nativo americano difensore del suo popolo e di tutti i popoli oppressi, difensore dei diritti umani di tutti gli esseri umani, difensore della Madre Terra.
Leonard Peltier e' gravemente malato e dopo quasi mezzo secolo di ingiusta detenzione non gli resta molto tempo da vivere.
Leonard Peltier e' stato condannato per un delitto che non ha commesso: e' stato definitivamente dimostrato che le testimonianze contro di lui erano false e che le prove contro di lui erano altrettanto false.
Dal carcere Leonard Peltier lungo mezzo secolo ha sostenuto con la parola e con la testimonianza, con l'esempio e con la solidarieta' concreta nella misura in cui gli e' stato possibile esprimerla, innumerevoli iniziative nonviolente in difesa dei popoli e delle persone cui venivano negati i diritti piu' elementari, in difesa del mondo vivente minacciato di irreversibili devastazioni.
Personalita' come Nelson Mandela, come madre Teresa di Calcutta, come Desmond Tutu, come Rigoberta Menchu', come il Dalai Lama, come papa Francesco, hanno chiesto la sua liberazione.
Movimenti umanitari come Amnesty International e il Movimento Nonviolento hanno chiesto la sua liberazione.
Istituzioni rappresentative come l'Onu (che sulla vicenda di Leonard Peltier si e' pronunciata attraverso una commissione giuridica ad hoc) e come il Parlamento Europeo (fin dagli anni Novanta, ed ancora qualche anno fa con il compianto suo Presidente David Sassoli) hanno chiesto la sua liberazione.
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Presidente Biden,
in questo tempo attraversato da orrori indicibili, da guerre e devastazioni inaudite, in cui non solo l'intera umana famiglia ma l'intero mondo vivente - quest'unico mondo vivente che conosciamo nell'intero universo - sono minacciati di distruzione per responsabilita' di poteri folli e scellerati, la liberazione di Leonard Peltier costituirebbe un messaggio di speranza e un'epifania di bene a conforto e sostegno dell'umanita' intera.
La liberazione di Leonard Peltier sarebbe per ogni persona di volonta' buona e per ogni civile consorzio e legittimo istituto fedeli all'umanita' una viva gioia e un impulso potente a continuare ad operare per la pace che salva le vite, per il bene comune che ogni essere umano riconosce e raggiunge e soccorre e preserva, che nessuna persona abbandona al dolore e alla morte.
*
Presidente Biden,
conceda la grazia a Leonard Peltier.
Restituisca la liberta' a Leonard Peltier.
Il "Centro di ricerca per la pace, i diritti umani e la difesa della biosfera" di Viterbo
Viterbo, 11 agosto 2024
Il "Centro di ricerca per la pace, i diritti umani e la difesa della biosfera" di Viterbo e' una struttura nonviolenta attiva dagli anni '70 del secolo scorso che ha sostenuto, promosso e coordinato varie campagne per il bene comune, locali, nazionali ed internazionali. E' la struttura nonviolenta che negli anni Ottanta ha coordinato per l'Italia la piu' ampia campagna di solidarieta' con Nelson Mandela, allora detenuto nelle prigioni del regime razzista sudafricano. Nel 1987 ha promosso il primo convegno nazionale di studi dedicato a Primo Levi. Dal 2000 pubblica il notiziario telematico quotidiano "La nonviolenza e' in cammino". Dal 2021 e' particolarmente impegnato nella campagna per la liberazione di Leonard Peltier, l'illustre attivista nativo americano difensore dei diritti umani di tutti gli esseri umani e dell'intero mondo vivente, da 48 anni prigioniero innocente.
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Allegato primo. Per scrivere al Presidente Biden:
Per scrivere al Presidente degli Stati Uniti d'America e' sufficiente collegarsi al sito della Casa Bianca alla pagina web: https://www.whitehouse.gov/contact/
Compilare quindi gli item successivi:
- alla voce MESSAGE TYPE: scegliere Contact the President
- alla voce PREFIX: scegliere il titolo corrispondente alla propria identita'
- alla voce FIRST NAME: scrivere il proprio nome
- alla voce SECOND NAME: si puo' omettere la compilazione
- alla voce LAST NAME: scrivere il proprio cognome
- alla voce SUFFIX, PRONOUNS: si puo' omettere la compilazione
- alla voce E-MAIL: scrivere il proprio indirizzo e-mail
- alla voce PHONE: scrivere il proprio numero di telefono seguendo lo schema 39xxxxxxxxxx
- alla voce COUNTRY/STATE/REGION: scegliere Italy
- alla voce STREET: scrivere il proprio indirizzo nella sequenza numero civico, via/piazza
- alla voce CITY: scrivere il nome della propria citta' e il relativo codice di avviamento postale
- alla voce WHAT WOULD YOU LIKE TO SAY? [Cosa vorresti dire?]: scrivere un breve testo (di seguito una traccia utilizzabile):
"Egregio Presidente degli Stati Uniti d'America,
le scriviamo per chiederle di concedere la grazia presidenziale a Leonard Peltier.
Come lei sa, Leonard Peltier ha gia' subito 48 anni di carcere per un delitto che non ha commesso.
E' vecchio, e' gravemente malato, le sue patologie non possono essere adeguatamente curate in carcere.
La sua liberazione e' stata chiesta da Nelson Mandela, da madre Teresa di Calcutta, dal Dalai Lama, da papa Francesco, da Amnesty International, dal Parlamento Europeo, dall'Onu, da milioni di persone di tutto il mondo.
Egregio Presidente degli Stati Uniti d'America,
conceda la grazia a Leonard Peltier.
Restituisca la liberta' a Leonard Peltier.
Distinti saluti".
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Allegato secondo. Per saperne di piu':
Leonard Peltier e' un illustre attivista nativo americano difensore dei diritti umani di tutti gli esseri umani e dell'intero mondo vivente, da 48 anni prigioniero innocente.
Segnaliamo alcuni materiali di documentazione in lingua italiana disponibili nella rete telematica:
https://sites.google.com/view/viterboperleonardpeltier/home-page
https://sites.google.com/view/vetralla-per-peltier-2021/home-page
https://sites.google.com/view/vetrallaperpeltier2022/home-page
https://sites.google.com/view/vetrallaperleonardpeltier2023/home-page
https://sites.google.com/view/vetralla-per-peltier-2024/home-page
Segnaliamo anche alcune pubblicazioni a stampa in italiano e in inglese particolarmente utili:
- Edda Scozza, Il coraggio d'essere indiano. Leonard Peltier prigioniero degli Stati Uniti, Erre Emme, Pomezia (Roma) 1996 (ora Roberto Massari Editore, Bolsena Vt).
- Peter Matthiessen, In the Spirit of Crazy Horse, 1980, Penguin Books, New York 1992 e successive ristampe; in edizione italiana: Peter Matthiessen, Nello spirito di Cavallo Pazzo, Frassinelli, Milano 1994.
- Leonard Peltier (con la collaborazione di Harvey Arden), Prison writings. My life is my sun dance, St. Martin's Griffin, New York 1999; in edizione italiana: Leonard Peltier, La mia danza del sole. Scritti dalla prigione, Fazi, Roma 2005.
- Jim Messerschmidt, The Trial of Leonard Peltier, South End Press, Cambridge, MA, 1983, 1989, 2002.
- Bruce E. Johansen, Encyclopedia of the American Indian Movement, Greenwood, Santa Barbara - Denver - Oxford, 2013 e piu' volte ristampata.
Segnaliamo inoltre che nella rete telematica e' disponibile una notizia sintetica in italiano dal titolo "Alcune parole per Leonard Peltier":
https://lists.peacelink.it/nonviolenza/2022/03/msg00001.html
Sempre nella rete telematica e' disponibile anche una piu' ampia ed approfondita bibliografia ragionata dal titolo "Dieci libri piu' uno che sarebbe bene aver letto per conoscere la vicenda di Leonard Peltier (e qualche altro minimo suggerimento bibliografico)":
https://lists.peacelink.it/nonviolenza/2022/09/msg00064.html
Ancora nella rete telematica segnaliamo una lettera "ad adiuvandum" alla "United States Parole Commission" del 22 giugno 2024:
https://lists.peacelink.it/nonviolenza/2024/06/msg00055.html
Segnaliamo infine l'attuale sito ufficiale del Comitato di solidarieta' con Leonard Peltier, il "Free Leonard Peltier Ad Hoc Committee": www.freeleonardpeltiernow.org
2. REPETITA IUVANT. CHE FARE ADESSO PER LA LIBERAZIONE DI LEONARD PELTIER
Come e' noto, la "United States Parole Commission" ha negato la "liberta' sulla parola" a Leonard Peltier, ed ha fissato la prossima udienza al 2026. Gli avvocati di Leonard Peltier hanno gia' annunciato che ovviamente interporranno appello avverso questa decisione.
Come e' noto Leonard Peltier, l'illustre attivista nativo americano difensore dei diritti umani di tutti gli esseri umani e dell'intero mondo vivente, e' detenuto da 48 anni in un carcere di massima sicurezza per un delitto che non ha commesso; la sua condanna si baso' su "testimonianze" false e su "prove" altrettanto false. E' anziano (ha quasi 80 anni) e gravemente malato, e le sue plurime patologie non possono essere curate adeguatamente in regime carcerario. Numerosissime personalita' benemerite dell'umanita', associazioni benefiche come Amnesty International, istituzioni democratiche di tutto il mondo - in primis l'Onu e il Parlamento Europeo - chiedono la sua liberazione.
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Che fare?
Occorre perseverare lungo tutte e tre le vie che possono portare alla liberazione di Leonard Peltier:
1. la richiesta al Presidente degli Stati Uniti d'America di concedere la "grazia presidenziale";
2. la richiesta al Procuratore Generale degli Stati Uniti d'America di concedere il "rilascio compassionevole";
3. la richiesta alla "United States Parole Commission" di concedere la "liberta' sulla parola".
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Alcune indicazioni pratiche
a) Per scrivere al Presidente degli Stati Uniti d'America:
aprire la pagina ad hoc nel sito: https://www.whitehouse.gov/contact/ e seguire le indicazioni li' contenute.
Proposta di testo:
Egregio Presidente degli Stati Uniti d'America,
e' consuetudine che avvicinandosi il termine del mandato quadriennale il Presidente degli Stati Uniti d'America conceda la grazia ad alcuni detenuti.
La preghiamo di voler concedere la grazia al signor Leonard Peltier, detenuto da quasi mezzo secolo, ormai quasi ottantenne, affetto da gravissime patologie che non possono essere curate in regime carcerario, la cui liberazione e' stata richiesta da personalita' illustri come Nelson Mandela, madre Teresa di Calcutta, il Dalai Lama, papa Francesco e da istituzioni come l'Onu e il Parlamento Europeo.
Voglia gradire distinti saluti.
b) Per scrivere al Procuratore Generale degli Stati Uniti d'America:
aprire la pagina ad hoc nel sito: https://www.justice.gov/doj/webform/your-message-department-justice e seguire le indicazioni li' contenute.
Proposta di testo:
Egregio Procuratore Generale degli Stati Uniti d'America,
la preghiamo di voler concedere il "rilascio compassionevole" ("compassionate release") al signor Leonard Peltier, detenuto da quasi mezzo secolo, ormai quasi ottantenne, affetto da gravissime patologie che non possono essere curate in regime carcerario, la cui liberazione e' stata richiesta da personalita' illustri come Nelson Mandela, madre Teresa di Calcutta, il Dalai Lama, papa Francesco e da istituzioni come l'Onu e il Parlamento Europeo.
Voglia gradire distinti saluti.
c) Per scrivere alla "United States Parole Commission":
usare l'indirizzo e-mail: USParole.questions at usdoj.gov
Proposta di testo:
Egregie signore ed egregi signori della "United States Parole Commission",
pur consapevoli della vostra recente decisione, ci permettiamo di sollecitare ulteriormente una tempestiva riconsiderazione della situazione del signor Leonard Peltier, detenuto da quasi mezzo secolo, ormai quasi ottantenne, affetto da gravissime patologie che non possono essere curate in regime carcerario, la cui liberazione e' stata richiesta da personalita' illustri come Nelson Mandela, madre Teresa di Calcutta, il Dalai Lama, papa Francesco e da istituzioni come l'Onu e il Parlamento Europeo.
Vogliate gradire distinti saluti.
*
d) Per informare gli avvocati che assistono Leonard Peltier:
usare gli indirizzi e-mail: ksharp at sanfordheisler.com, jenipherj at forthepeoplelegal.com
Proposta di testo:
Egregia avvocata, egregio avvocato,
vi informiamo che abbiamo scritto al Presidente degli Stati Uniti d'America, al Procuratore Generale degli Stati Uniti d'America, alla "United States Parole Commission", le lettere il cui testo alleghiamo.
Vogliate gradire distinti saluti.
*
Tre consigli a chi vuole esprimere e promuovere la solidarieta'
I. La prima forma di solidarieta' e' la conoscenza
- occorre studiare adeguatamente tanto i fatti quanto il contesto;
- occorre far circolare l'informazione, avendo cura che sia un'informazione precisa ed incontrovertibile;
- occorre promuovere altre adesioni all'impegno, avendo cura che ci si attenga scrupolosamente al fine della liberazione di Leonard Peltier e che la metodologia sia rigorosamente nonviolenta;
- soprattutto: occorre far sentire la propria voce direttamente alle istanze istituzionali concretamente preposte alla decisione sulla liberazione di Leonard Peltier; e farla sentire in modo adeguato: ovvero comprensibile e persuasivo. Non serve, ed e' anzi dannosa, la retorica d'accatto, ignorante e stereotipata, che ovviamente non convince nessuno.
E' semplicemente indispensabile la lettura di tutti i seguenti testi:
- Ward Churchill e Jim Vander Wall, Agents of Repression: The FBI's Secret Wars Against the Black Panther Party and the American Indian Movement, South End Press, Boulder, Colorado, 1988, 2002, Black Classic Press, Baltimore 2022.
- Ward Churchill e Jim Vander Wall, The COINTELPRO Papers: Documents from the FBI's Secret Wars Against Dissent in the United States, South End Press, Boulder, Colorado, 1990, 2002, Black Classic Press, Baltimore 2022.
- Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz, An Indigenous Peoples' History of the United States, Beacon Press, Boston 2014.
- Steve Hendricks, The Unquiet Grave: The FBI and the Struggle for the Soul of Indian Country, Thunder's Mouth Press, New York 2006.
- Bruce E. Johansen, Encyclopedia of the American Indian Movement, Greenwood, Santa Barbara - Denver - Oxford, 2013 e piu' volte ristampata.
- Peter Matthiessen, In the Spirit of Crazy Horse, 1980, Penguin Books, New York 1992 e successive ristampe.
- Jim Messerschmidt, The Trial of Leonard Peltier, South End Press, Cambridge, MA, 1983, 1989, 2002.
- Leonard Peltier (con la collaborazione di Harvey Arden), Prison Writings: My Life is my Sun Dance, St. Martin's Griffin, New York 1999.
- Michael E. Tigar, Wade H. McCree, Leonard Peltier, Petitioner, v. United States. U.S. Supreme Court transcript of record with supporting pleading, Gale MOML U.S. Supreme Court Records, 1978 e successive ristampe.
- Joseph H. Trimbach e John M. Trimbach, American Indian Mafia: An FBI Agent's True Story About Wounded Knee, Leonard Peltier, and the American Indian Movement (AIM), Outskirts Press, Denver 2009.
II. La prima forma di azione nonviolenta e' la parresia
- occorre prendere la parola e dire la verita' contrastando la violenza del potere;
- occorre prendere la parola e dire la verita' alle istituzioni per ottenere il rispetto del diritto e della morale;
- occorre prendere la parola e dire la verita' come atto politico che invera l'esercizio della democrazia.
Leonard Peltier e' innocente. Leonard Peltier e' in pericolo di morte. Leonard Peltier deve essere liberato.
Nella vicenda di Leonard Peltier si compendia e si testimonia la condizione imposta dalla violenza etnocida, genocida ed ecocida del potere colonialista, imperialista e razzista a tutti i popoli oppressi, all'umanita' intera e all'intero mondo vivente.
La liberazione di Leonard Peltier significa quindi riconoscere il diritto alla vita non solo di ogni persona innocente e di ogni popolo oppresso, ma di tutti gli esseri umani in quanto tali, dell'umanita' intera, di tutti gli esseri viventi e dell'intero mondo vivente.
III. Il tempo e' poco, agire ora
La vecchiaia e le patologie di Leonard Peltier rendono urgente l'impegno per la sua liberazione.
Occorre scrivere ora ai soggetti istituzionali che hanno il potere di restituirgli la liberta'.
Occorre promuovere ora ogni iniziativa nonviolenta adeguata a far crescere l'impegno per la sua liberazione.
Occorre attivare i mezzi d'informazione per ottenere ora la massima attenzione possibile dell'opinione pubblica.
*
Free Leonard Peltier.
Non muoia in prigione un uomo innocente.
Mitakuye Oyasin.
Il "Centro di ricerca per la pace, i diritti umani e la difesa della biosfera" di Viterbo
Viterbo, 7 luglio 2024
3. DOCUMENTAZIONE. GRAHAM LEE BREWER: RESIDENT BIDEN TO APOLOGIZE FOR 150-YEAR INIAN BOARDING SCHOOL POLICY
[Dal sito dell'Associated Press riprendiamo e diffondiamo il seguente articolo del 25 ottobre 2024]
NORMAN, Okla. (AP) - President Joe Biden said he will formally apologize on Friday for the country's role in forcing Indigenous children for over 150 years into boarding schools, where many were physically, emotionally and sexually abused, and more than 950 died.
"I'm doing something I should have done a long time ago: To make a formal apology to the Indian nations for the way we treated their children for so many years," Biden said Thursday as he left the White House for Arizona.
Interior Secretary Deb Haaland launched an investigation into the boarding school system shortly after she became the first Native American to lead the agency, and she will join Biden during his first diplomatic visit to a tribal nation as president as he delivers a speech Friday at the Gila River Indian Community outside Phoenix.
"I would never have guessed in a million years that something like this would happen," Haaland, a member of the Pueblo of Laguna in New Mexico, told The Associated Press. "It's a big deal to me. I'm sure it will be a big deal to all of Indian Country."
The investigation she launched found that at least 18,000 children - some as young as 4 - were taken from their parents and forced to attend schools that sought to assimilate them into white society while federal and state authorities sought to dispossess tribal nations of their land.
No president has ever formally apologized for the forced removal of these children - an element of genocide as defined by the United Nations - or the U.S. government's actions to decimate Native American, Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian peoples.
The Interior Department conducted listening sessions and gathered the testimony of survivors. One of the recommendations of the final report was an acknowledgement of, and apology for, the boarding school era. Haaland said she took that to Biden, who agreed that it was necessary.
"In making this apology, the President acknowledges that we as a people who love our country must remember and teach our full history, even when it is painful. And we must learn from that history so that it is never repeated," the White House said in a statement.
The forced assimilation policy launched by Congress in 1819 as an effort to "civilize" Native Americans ended in 1978 after the passage of a wide-ranging law, the Indian Child Welfare Act, which was primarily focused on giving tribes a say in who adopted their children.
The visit by Biden and Haaland to the Gila River Indian Community comes as Vice President Kamala Harris' campaign spends hundreds of millions of dollars on ads targeting Native American voters in battleground states including Arizona and North Carolina.
"It will be one of the high points of my entire life," Haaland said of Biden's apology Friday.
It's unclear what action, if any, will follow the apology. The Interior Department is still working with tribal nations to repatriate the remains of children on federal lands. Some tribes are still at odds with the U.S. Army, which has refused to follow federal law regulating the return of Native American remains when it comes to those still buried at the Carlisle Indian School in Pennsylvania.
"President Biden's apology is a profound moment for Native people across this country," Cherokee Nation Principal Chief Chuck Hoskin Jr. said in a statement to the AP.
"Our children were made to live in a world that erased their identities, their culture and upended their spoken language," Hoskin said in his statement. "Oklahoma was home to 87 boarding schools in which thousands of our Cherokee children attended. Still today, nearly every Cherokee Nation citizen somehow feels the impact."
Friday's apology could lead to further progress for tribal nations still pushing for continued action from the federal government, said Melissa Nobles, chancellor of MIT and author of "The Politics of Official Apologies."
"These things have value because it validates the experiences of the survivors and acknowledges they’ve been seen," Nobles said.
The U.S. government has offered apologies for other historic injustices, including to Japanese families it imprisoned during World War II. President Ronald Reagan signed the Civil Liberties Act in 1988 to compensate tens of thousands of people sent to internment camps during the war.
In 1993, President Bill Clinton signed a law apologizing to Native Hawaiians for the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy a century earlier.
The House and Senate passed resolutions in 2008 and 2009 apologizing for slavery and Jim Crow segregation. But the gestures did not create pathways to reparations for Black Americans.
In Canada, a country with a similar history of subjugating First Nations and forcing their children into boarding schools for assimilation, former Prime Minister Stephen Harper made a formal apology in 2008. There was also a truth and reconciliation process, and later a plan to inject billions of dollars into communities devastated by the government’s policies.
Pope Francis issued a historic apology in 2022 for the Catholic Church's cooperation with Canada's policy of Indigenous residential schools, saying the forced assimilation of Native people into Christian society destroyed their cultures, severed families and marginalized generations.
"I humbly beg forgiveness for the evil committed by so many Christians against the Indigenous peoples," Francis said.
In 2008, Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd formally apologized to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples for his government's past policies of assimilation, including the forced removal of children. New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern made a similar concession in 2022.
Hoskin said he is grateful to both Biden and Haaland for leading the effort to reckon with the country's role in a dark chapter for Indigenous peoples. But he emphasized that the apology is just "an important step, which must be followed by continued action."
*
Associated Press writers Peter Smith in Pittsburgh and Josh Boak at the White House contributed to this report.
4. DOCUMENTAZIONE. MATTHEW BROWN: FORCED ASSIMILATION AND ABUSE: HOW US BOARING SCHOOLS DEVASTATED NATIVE AMERICAN TRIBES
[Dal sito dell'Associated Press riprendiamo e diffondiamo il seguente articolo del 24 ottobre 2024]
BILLINGS, Mont. (AP) — The White House says President Joe Biden will apologize on behalf of the U.S. government Friday for its 150-year campaign to break up Native American culture, language and identity by forcing children into abusive Indian boarding schools.
More than 900 children died at the government-funded schools, the last of which closed or transitioned into different institutions decades ago. Their dark legacy continues to be felt in Native communities where survivors struggle with generational trauma from the torture, sexual abuse and hatred they endured.
Biden is expected to formally acknowledge the federal government's role and apologize for it during an appearance at the Gila River Indian Community outside Phoenix.
A closer look at the federal boarding school system.
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150 years of forced assimilation
Congress laid the framework for a nationwide boarding school system for Native Americans in 1819 under the 5th U.S. President, James Monroe, with legislation known as the Indian Civilization Act. It was purportedly aimed at stopping the "final extinction of the Indian tribes" and "introducing among them the habits and arts of civilization."
Central to that effort was dissolving Native families and severing generational ties that had kept their cultures alive despite being forced onto reservations.
Over the next 150 years, government and religious institutions backed by taxpayer money operated at least 417 schools in 37 states. Staff at the schools worked to strip Native children of their traditions and heritage. Teachers and administrators cut their hair, forbade them from speaking their own languages and forced them into manual labor.
By the 1920s, most Indigenous school-age children - some 60,000 at one point - were attending boarding schools that were run either by the federal government or religious organizations, according to the National Native American Boarding School Healing Coalition.
The heaviest concentrations of the schools were in states with some of the largest Native populations: Oklahoma, Alaska, Arizona, New Mexico, Minnesota and the Dakotas. But the schools were in every region of the U.S. and students - some as young as 4 - were often sent to schools far from their homes.
The last of the schools opened in 1969, the same year that a Senate report declared the boarding school system a national tragedy. It found they were grossly underfinanced, academically deficient and had a "major emphasis" on discipline and punishment.
The forced assimilation policy was finally and officially rejected with the enactment of the Indian Child Welfare Act in 1978. Despite this policy shift, however, the government never fully investigated the boarding school system, until the Biden administration.
*
Survivors recount abuse
A nationwide re-examination of the system was launched in 2021 by Interior Secretary Deb Haaland, a member of Laguna Pueblo in New Mexico and the country's first Native American Cabinet secretary.
She and other Interior officials held listening sessions over two years on and off reservations across the U.S. to allow survivors of the schools and their relatives to tell their stories.
Former students recounted harmful and often degrading treatment they endured at the hands of teachers and administrators while separated from their families. Their descendants spoke about traumas that have passed down through generations and are manifest in broken relationships, substance abuse and other social problems that plague reservations today.
Haaland's grandparents were among them - taken from their community when they were 8 years old and forced to live in a Catholic boarding school until they were 13.
"Make no mistake: This was a concerted attempt to eradicate the quote, 'Indian problem' - to either assimilate or destroy Native peoples altogether," Haaland said in July when findings of the agency's investigation were released. The top recommendation from the agency was for the government to formally apologize.
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Unmarked graves and repatriations
At least 973 Native American children died in the boarding system. They included an estimated 187 Native American and Alaska Native children who perished at the Carlisle Indian Industrial School in southeastern Pennsylvania. It's now the site of the U.S. Army War College. Its officials continue repatriations - just last month, the remains of three children who died at the school were disinterred and returned to the Fort Belknap Indian Reservation in Montana.
The Interior Department's investigation found marked and unmarked graves at 65 boarding schools. The causes of death included disease and abuse. More children may have died away from the campuses, after they became sick at school and were sent home, officials said.
The schools, similar institutions and related assimilation programs were funded by a total of $23.3 billion in inflation-adjusted federal spending, officials determined. Religious and private institutions that ran many of the schools received federal money as partners in the campaign to "civilize" Indigenous students.
More than 200 of the schools supported by the government had a religious affiliation. The boarding school coalition has identified more than 100 additional schools not on the government list that were run by churches, with no evidence of federal support.
U.S. Catholic bishops in June apologized for the church’s role in trauma the children experienced.
5. DOCUMENTAZIONE. AAMER MADHANI AND JOSH BOAK: BIDEN VISITS INDIAN COUNTRY AND APOLOGIZES FOR THE 'SIN' OF A 150-YEAR BOARDING SCHOOL POLICY
[Dal sito dell'Associated Press riprendiamo e diffondiamo il seguente articolo del 25 ottobre 2024]
LAVEEN VILLAGE, Ariz. (AP) - President Joe Biden on Friday formally apologized to Native Americans for the "sin" of a government-run boarding school system that for decades forcibly separated children from their parents, calling it a "blot on American history" in his first presidential visit to Indian Country.
"It's a sin on our soul," said Biden, his voice full of anger and emotion. "Quite frankly, there's no excuse that this apology took 50 years to make."
It was a moment of both contrition and frustration as the president sought to recognize one of the "most horrific chapters" in the national story. Biden spoke of the abuses and deaths of Native children that resulted from the federal government's policies, noting that "while darkness can hide much, it erases nothing" and that great nations "must know the good, the bad, the truth of who we are."
"I formally apologize as president of United States of America for what we did," Biden said. The government's removal of children from their Native American community for boarding schools "will always be a significant mark of shame, a blot on American history. For too long, this all happened with virtually no public attention, not written about in our history books, not taught in our schools."
Democrats hope Biden's visit to the Gila River Indian Community's land on the outskirts of Phoenix's metro area will also provide a boost to Vice President Kamala Harris' turnout effort in a key battleground state. The moment gave Biden a fuller chance to spotlight his and Harris' support for tribal nations, a group that historically has favored Democrats, in a state he won just by 10,000 votes in 2020.
The race between Harris and former President Donald Trump is expected to be similarly close, and both campaigns are doing whatever they can to improve turnout among bedrock supporters.
"The race is now a turnout grab," said Mike O'Neil, a non-partisan pollster based in Arizona. "The trendlines throughout have been remarkably steady. The question is which candidate is going to be able to turn out their voters in a race that seems to be destined to be decided by narrow margins."
Biden has been used sparingly on the campaign trail by Harris and other Democrats since he ended his reelection campaign in July.
But analysts say Biden could help Harris in her appeal with Native American voters - a group that has trailed others in turnout rates.
In 2020, there was a surge in voter turnout on some tribal land in Arizona as Biden beat Trump and became the first Democratic presidential candidate to win the state since Bill Clinton in 1996.
Biden, whose presidency is winding down, had promised tribal leaders nearly two years ago that he would visit Indian Country.
For decades, federal boarding schools were used to assimilate children into white society, according to the White House. Not everyone saw the apology as sufficient.
"An apology is a nice start, but it is not a true reckoning, nor is it a sufficient remedy for the long history of colonial violence," said Chase Iron Eyes, director of the Lakota People's Law Project and Sacred Defense Fund.
At least 973 Native American children died in the U.S. government's abusive boarding school system over a 150-year period that ended in 1969, according to an Interior Department investigation that called for a U.S. government apology.
At least 18,000 children, some as young as 4, were taken from their parents and forced to attend schools that sought to assimilate them.
"President Biden deserves credit for finally putting attention on the issue and other issues impacting the community," said Ramona Charette Klein, 77, a boarding school survivor and an enrolled member of the Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa. "I do think that will reflect well on Vice President Harris, and I hope this momentum will continue."
Democrats have stepped up outreach to Native American communities.
Both Harris and her running mate, Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz, met with tribal leaders in Arizona and Nevada this month. And Clinton, who has been serving as a surrogate for Harris, last week met in North Carolina with the chairman of the Lumbee Tribe.
The Democratic National Committee recently launched a six-figure ad campaign targeting Native American voters in Arizona, North Carolina, Montana and Alaska through digital, print and radio ads.
Democratic Rep. Ruben Gallego, who is locked in a competitive race with Republican Kari Lake for Arizona's open Senate seat, has visited all 22 of Arizona's federally recognized tribes.
Harris started a recent campaign rally in Chandler, near where the Gila River reservation is located, with a shoutout to the tribe's leader. Walz is scheduled to go to the Navajo Nation in Arizona on Saturday.
The White House says Biden and Harris have built a substantial track record with Native Americans over the last four years.
The president designated the sacred Avi Kwa Ame, a desert mountain in Nevada and Baaj Nwaavjo I'tah Kukveni-Ancestral Footprints of the Grand Canyon in Arizona as national monuments and restored the boundaries for Bears Ears National Monument in Utah.
In addition, the administration has directed nearly $46 billion in federal spending to tribal nations. The money has helped bring electricity to a reservation that never had electricity, expand access to high-speed internet, improve water sanitation, build roadways and more.
Biden picked former New Mexico Rep. Deb Haaland to serve as his Interior secretary, the first Native American to be appointed to a Cabinet position. Haaland is a member of Laguna Pueblo in New Mexico.
She, in turn, ordered the comprehensive review in June 2021 of the troubled legacy of the federal government's boarding school policies that led Biden to deliver the formal apology.
Thom Reilly, co-director of the Center for an Independent and Sustainable Democracy at Arizona State University, said both Harris' and Trump's campaigns - and their allies - have put a remarkable amount of effort into micro-targeting in Arizona.
"They are pulling out every stop just to see if they could wrangle a few more votes here and there," Reilly said. "The Indian community is one of those groups that Harris is hoping will overperform and help make the difference."
*
Boak reported from Washington. Associated Press writer Graham Lee Brewer in Norman, Oklahoma, contributed to this report.
6. DOCUMENTAZIONE. GRAHAM LEE BREWER AND SEJAL GOVINDARAO: NATIVE AMERICANS LAUD BIDEN FOR HISTORICAL APOLOGY OVER BOARDING SCHOOLS. THEY WANT ACTION TO FOLLOW
[Dal sito dell'Associated Press riprendiamo e diffondiamo il seguente articolo del 26 ottobre 2024]
LAVEEN VILLAGE, Ariz. (AP) - President Joe Biden did something Friday that no other sitting U.S. president has: He apologized for the systemic abuse of generations of Indigenous children endured in boarding schools at the hands of the federal government.
For 150 years the U.S. removed Indigenous children from their homes and sent them away to the schools, where they were stripped of their cultures, histories and religions and beaten for speaking their languages.
"We should be ashamed," Biden said to a crowd of Indigenous people gathered at the Gila River Indian Community outside of Phoenix, including tribal leaders, survivors and their families. Biden called the government-mandated system that began in 1819 "one of the most horrific chapters in American history," while acknowledging the decades of abuse inflicted upon children and widespread devastation left behind.
For many Native Americans, the long-awaited apology was a welcome acknowledgment of the government's longstanding culpability. Now, they say, words must be followed up by action.
Bill Hall, 71, of Seattle, was 9 when he was taken from his Tlingit community in Alaska and forced to attend a boarding school, where he endured years of physical and sexual abuse that lead to many more years of shame. When he first heard that Biden was going to apologize, he wasn't sure he would be able to accept it.
"But, as I was watching, tears began to flow from my eyes," Hall said. "Yes, I accept his apology. Now, what can we do next?"
Rosalie Whirlwind Soldier, a 79-year-old citizen of the Rosebud Sioux Tribe, said she felt “a tingle in my heart” and was glad the historical wrong was being acknowledged. Still, she remains saddened by the irreversible harms done to her people.
Whirlwind Soldier suffered severe mistreatment at a school in South Dakota that left her with a lifelong, painful limp. The Catholic-run, government-subsidized facility took away her faith and tried to stamp out her Lakota identity by cutting off her long braids, she said.
"Sorry is not enough. Nothing is enough when you damage a human being," she said. "A whole generation of people and our future was destroyed for us."
The schools were designed both to assimilate Native American, Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian children and to dispossess tribal nations of their land, according to an Interior Department investigation launched by Secretary Deb Haaland, the first Native American to lead the agency.
Introducing Biden on Friday, Haaland said that while the formal apology is an acknowledgement of a dark chapter, it is also a celebration of Indigenous resilience: "Despite everything that happened, we are still here."
Haaland, a citizen of the Pueblo of Laguna, commissioned the investigation in 2021. It documented the cases of more than 18,000 Indigenous children, of whom 973 were killed. Both the report and independent researchers say the overall number was much higher.
The report came with several recommendations taken from the testimony of school survivors, including resources for mental health treatment and language revitalization programs.
Gila River Indian Community Gov. Stephen Roe Lewis noted that Biden has pledged to make good on those recommendations.
"This lays the framework to address the boarding school policies of the past," he said.
Benjamin Mallott, president of the Alaska Federation of Natives, who is Lingít, said in a statement that the apology must be accompanied by meaningful actions: "This includes revitalizing our languages and cultures and bringing home our Native children who have not yet been returned, so they can be laid to rest with their families and in their communities."
That view is shared by Victoria Kitcheyan, chairwoman of the Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska, which sued the U.S. Army in January seeking the return of the remains of two children who died at the Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Pennsylvania.
"That healing doesn't start until tribes have a pathway to bring their children home to be laid to rest," Kitcheyan said.
In an interview Thursday, Haaland said Interior is still working with several tribal nations to repatriate the remains of several children who were killed and buried at a boarding school.
Democratic U.S. Sen. Elizabeth Warren of Massachusetts, who introduced a bill last year to establish a truth and healing commission to address the harms caused by the boarding school system, called the apology "a historic step toward long-overdue accountability for the harms done to Native children and their communities."
And Sen. Lisa Murkowski, an Alaska Republican who is vice chairman of the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs, also commended Biden while saying it reinforces the need for a truth and healing commission.
"This acknowledgement of the pain and injustices inflicted upon Indigenous communities - while long overdue - is an extremely important step toward healing," Murkowski said in a statement.
As Biden spoke Friday, tribal members rose to their feet, with many recording the moment on their phones. Some wore traditional garments, and others had shirts supporting Biden and Vice President Kamala Harris.
There was a moment of silence, the formal apology and then an eruption of applause.
At the end of Biden's remarks, the crowd stood again. There were shouts of, "Thank you, Joe."
Hall, the boarding school survivor in Seattle, and others have long been advocating for resources to redress the harm. He worries that tribal nations will continue to struggle with healing unless the government steps up, and he sees a long road yet ahead.
"It took a lifetime to get here. It's going to take a lifetime to get to the other side," he said. "And that's the very sad part of it. I won't see it in my generation."
*
Associated Press writer Matthew Brown in Billings, Montana, contributed to this report.
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NON MUOIA IN CARCERE LEONARD PELTIER
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Foglio a sostegno dell'appello a scrivere al Presidente degli Stati Uniti d'America affinche' conceda la grazia che restituisca la liberta' a Leonard Peltier
A cura del "Centro di ricerca per la pace, i diritti umani e la difesa della biosfera" di Viterbo
Supplemento a "La nonviolenza e' in cammino" (anno XXV)
Direttore responsabile: Peppe Sini. Redazione: strada S. Barbara 9/E, 01100 Viterbo, e-mail: centropacevt at gmail.com
Numero 84 del 4 novembre 2024
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