Human Rights Watch - Macedonian Police Abuses Documented

[Paola Lucchesi <paola.lucchesi at mail.inet.it>]

       "Ethnic Albanian men fleeing the fighting in Macedonia face severe
       ill-treatment by the police. We have documented serious beatings
       and torture of ethnic Albanians at the Kumanovo and Skopje police
       stations in the last week. The victims we interviewed have the
       bruises and injuries to back up their claims of abuse."

                                      Holly Cartner
                                      HRW Executive Director
                                      Europe and Central Asia division


http://www.hrw.org/press/2001/05/macedonia0530.htm

Macedonian Police Abuses Documented
Ethnic Albanian Men Separated, Tortured at Police Stations

(Skopje, Macedonia, May 31, 2001) Macedonian forces are systematically
separating out ethnic Albanian males fleeing fierce fighting in northern
Macedonia, and severely beating some of the men at police stations, Human
Rights Watch said today. In the most severe cases documented by Human
Rights Watch, the ill-treatment appears intended to extract confessions or
information about the National Liberation Army (NLA) and amounts to
torture. The fear of violence at the hands of the Macedonian police is also
stopping many ethnic Albanians from fleeing to safety into
government-controlled territory.

"Ethnic Albanian men fleeing the fighting in Macedonia face severe
ill-treatment by the police," said Holly Cartner, executive director of the
Europe and Central Asia division of Human Rights Watch. "We have documented
serious beatings and torture of ethnic Albanians at the Kumanovo and Skopje
police stations in the last week. The victims we interviewed have the
bruises and injuries to back up their claims of abuse."

On May 22, Macedonian forces launched an offensive against ethnic Albanian
fighters of the NLA who had seized control of villages located in the
vicinity of the northern Macedonian town of Kumanovo. An estimated fifteen
thousand civilians remain in the NLA-controlled territory, sparking
concerns of significant civilian casualties if the fighting continues.
Since the beginning of the renewed offensive, Macedonian forces have
separated out men from the civilians fleeing the fighting and have severely
beaten some of them.

Human Rights Watch researchers have documented cases of severe beating at
the Kumanovo police station, located in the region where the latest
fighting is taking place, as well as at the Skopje police station, located
in the capital city of Macedonia. Some of the tactics involved hundreds of
blows to the soles of the victims' feet-a torture technique known as
falanga which causes severe pain and swelling and can lead to kidney
failure-as well as extended beatings on the hands, buttocks, arms, and
heads of the victims. The men interviewed by Human Rights Watch indicated
that they had heard the screams of many other beating victims at the police
stations, suggesting that the scope of such abuse may be widespread and
condoned at the police stations.

Human Rights Watch said that the ill-treatment violates international human
rights law, and in the most severe cases amounts to torture.

Many of the ethnic Albanians are reluctant to talk to international
observers because they fear further retaliation from the Macedonian police,
and have in some cases been warned by their abusers not to discuss their
maltreatment. For this reason, identifying details are withheld from the
testimonies summarized below. Some of the men were forced to sign
confessions under torture and to implicate others in NLA-related
activities. Large numbers of men continue to be separated out from convoys
of fleeing civilians and taken to police stations.

On Tuesday, May 29, Human Rights Watch researchers observed a group of
approximately thirty-five ethnic Albanian men from the village of Matejce
who were separated from their female relatives and taken into the police
station at Kumanovo.

"Jevit Hasani," (not his real name), a seventeen-year-old villager from
Vaksince, an NLA-controlled village recaptured by government forces over
the weekend, was arrested and taken to the Skopje police station after
fleeing fighting in the village. He described the treatment he experienced
in the police station:

They took us in a corridor. Suddenly I was hit on the head with a wooden
stick, and then ten or so people began beating me until I fainted. When I
came to, I was in a room. They were swearing, insulting my mother and
sister, calling me an NLA fighter, a terrorist nationalist. I was lying on
the ground on my side, facing the wall when I woke up, and my shoes were
off. They started beating me on the feet and the buttocks. At the beginning
they would just beat me. They would count ten hits as one, and went all
until fifty or sixty [i.e. five hundred to six hundred hits]. This was
before they asked me questions.

[After being questioned and beaten more], they wrote a confession. Then
they made me read the confession in front of a camera in another room. I
had to confess I was a spy, and they made me read a list of names of people
in the NLA which they had prepared, and say that the NLA had refused to let
the civilians go out and abused us.

"Jevit Hasani" was released after forty-eight hours in custody. He showed
Human Rights Watch researchers the deep bruises and hematoma on his
buttocks caused by the severe beatings, and explained he had continued to
suffer the after effects of beatings to his private parts. According to
"Jevit Hasani" many other people were undergoing beatings while he was
being detained at the police station: "I heard other people screaming while
I was being interrogated, in other rooms. They were screaming in pain,
there were a lot of them." A second witness interviewed by Human Rights
Watch offered an essentially similar account of his beating at the Skopje
police station, and also had deep bruises and hematoma on his buttocks and
swollen hands, but did not want his ordeal publicized out of fear of police
retaliation.

"Ymer Aqifi," (not his real name) a fifty-one-year-old father of six from
Slupcane, was beaten at the Kumanovo police station on Sunday, May 27. He
described the beatings he and eight other men he was detained with
sustained:

We were taken into a corridor. Four [police investigators] made me lie down
flat on my stomach. They beat me with an iron bar on the wrists, a wooden
stick on my head, a [police] baton on my buttocks, and kicked with their
feet however much they wanted. They were swearing, insulting my mother and
sisters, all kinds of curses. They were asking who is NLA, where the Imam
[religious leader] of the village was, where the civilian defenses were,
where the headquarters were. But no one wrote down anything, they didn't
wait for answers.
That lasted for about an hour I lost consciousness. Then they poured water
on me. Two policemen came when I regained consciousness and they took me
and the others to another corridor. Down there, all night long, there were
screaming people beneath us. You could hear how they beat them.

"Ymer Aqifi" showed Human Rights Watch researchers the deep bruises and
hematoma on his buttocks, deep bruises on his arms, bruises on his forehead
and the sides of his head, and his swollen hands.

Twenty-five-year-old "Adem Yimeri" (not his real name), a farmer from
Vaksince, was also beaten at Kumanovo police station. He described the
beating to Human Rights Watch:

They took us to offices and there were three [police investigators]. They
took me to an office by myself. He said to write down who is in the NLA.
They asked me about my relatives in Kosovo. A person entered with a wooden
stick covered with tape and he hit me on the back. Then they hit me on the
sides of the head [above the hairline] so the bruises wouldn't show. They
hit me twice on the hands with the bat. Then they said, "If it doesn't hurt
like that, put them on the table and we will make sure you never pick up a
rifle again." Then they hit me ten more times on the hands.

Then they made me bend over a chair. One of them would hit me in the
kidneys, and another hit me on the head. They said they would destroy my
kidneys so I could never work again. From 12 to 4 p.m., they beat me like
that.

"Ethnic Albanian men remaining in the villages under NLA control fear
ill-treatment and torture at the hands of Macedonian forces," commented
Cartner. "There is little doubt that this fear is one of the reasons why so
many ethnic Albanian men are refusing to leave their homes in the conflict
zone."

Police forces have also abused ethnic Albanian civilians this past week
during raids against suspected NLA sympathizers in Tetovo, the scene of
earlier fighting between the NLA and government forces. Human Rights Watch
researchers documented the cases of ten ethnic Albanian men who were beaten
during police raids in the villages of Dzepciste and Poroj on May 25.
During the raid on the Dzepciste home of Naser Junizi, a schoolteacher and
village leader accused by the Macedonian government of assisting the NLA,
police commandos beat Naser Junizi, two of his brothers, his
sixty-eight-year-old father, and his eighteen-year-old son. Police also
entered the Poroj compound of the Saiti family, kicking and breaking three
ribs of thirty-six-year-old Rami Saiti and attacking his
seventy-three-year-old father and seventeen-year-old cousin before
apparently realizing they had entered the wrong home and rapidly leaving.

Human Rights Watch noted that police abuse of ethnic Albanians, as well as
of Macedonian Slavs who run afoul of the police, is endemic in Macedonia,
as documented in two earlier Human Rights Watch reports issued in 1996 and
1998. The NLA has claimed that one of the main reasons for its armed
rebellion is the failure of the Macedonian government to address police
abuse as well as other forms of discrimination against ethnic Albanians.

Although the Macedonian police appear responsible for the majority of
beating cases, Macedonian military forces have also been implicated in
beatings. Macedonian military troops appear responsible for the beating of
a family of seven in the village of Runica, in which many houses were
reportedly burned down by Macedonian troops on May 21, 2001. Human Rights
Watch called for an immediate end to torture and other ill-treatment at
police stations and urged the international community closely to monitor
the treatment of ethnic Albanians by the Macedonian forces.

"The international community must do its part to bring an end to police
abuse of ethnic Albanians in Macedonia," said Cartner. "International
support for the Macedonian government should not mean remaining silent in
the face of such severe ill-treatment."